Determination of Behavioral Changes Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Australian Feedlots.

Accurately identifying bovine respiratory disease is challenging in feedlots, and previous studies suggest behavioral monitoring is important. The study objective was to describe individual differences in physical activity (distance traveled), feeding/watering patterns (proximity to feed and water), and social behavior (average cattle within 3 m) when associated with health status in commercially raised beef cattle during the first 28 days on feed. Data from a previous Australian feedlot study monitoring cattle behavior and associated health outcomes were analyzed.

Topography of the respiratory, oral, and guttural pouch bacterial and fungal microbiotas in horses.

Background: The lower respiratory tract microbiota of the horse is different in states of health and disease, but the bacterial and fungal composition of the healthy respiratory tract of the horse has not been studied in detail.

Hypothesis: The respiratory tract environment contains distinct niche microbiotas, which decrease in species richness at more distal sampling locations.

Objective: Characterize the bacterial and fungal microbiotas along the upper and lower respiratory tract of the horse.

Differential Diagnosis for the Painful Tingling Arm.

The painful tingling arm is a common presenting complaint for the musculoskeletal physician. The differential diagnosis for upper-extremity pain associated with paresthesias will be the focus of this review. Symptoms are often neurologic in etiology, originating from the spinal cord, nerve root(s), brachial plexus, or peripheral nerve(s).

Coaches' Attitudes Toward Campus Board Training in Adolescent Climbers in the United States.

Introduction: Campus board training in adolescent climbers is controversial. Evidence, albeit limited, suggests this type of training may lead to the development of finger epiphyseal stress fractures. The purpose of the present study was to investigate coaches' attitudes toward campus board training in the United States.

Progression of nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial microbiotas of feedlot cattle during development of bovine respiratory disease.

It is generally accepted that as bovine respiratory disease (BRD) develops, bacterial pathogens first proliferate in the nasopharynx and then colonize the lungs, leading to bronchopneumonia. However, such temporal changes have never been definitively demonstrated. Therefore, the objective was to describe the progression of the nasopharyngeal and tracheal bacterial microbiotas of feedlot cattle during development of BRD.

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle.

Background: Bacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. The nasopharynx is generally accepted as the primary source of pathogenic bacteria that cause BP. However, it has recently been shown in humans that the oropharynx may act as the primary reservoir for pathogens that reach the lung.

Genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance in respiratory bacteria from beef calves sampled from spring processing to 40 days after feedlot entry.

Recent studies have shown an increase in antimicrobial-resistant bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens. To investigate the origin of antimicrobial resistance in the respiratory microbiota of beef cattle, three groups (A, B, or C) of 40 calves sourced from different calf-ranches were sampled by deep nasopharyngeal swab (DNS) at the time of first on-ranch vaccination (Time point 1, T1), feedlot entry (Time point 2, T2), and 40 days after feedlot entry (Time point 3, T3; feedlots differed by group). Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni were isolated from DNS samples, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Comparison of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of beef calves raised without the use of antimicrobials between healthy calves and those diagnosed with bovine respiratory disease.

The role of the respiratory bacterial microbiota in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is still not well defined, limiting our understanding of the disease. Specifically, there is no information on the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of cattle raised without antimicrobials. The objective was to characterize and compare the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota in feedlot cattle raised without antimicrobials that were healthy or diagnosed with BRD.

Evolution of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of beef calves from spring processing to 40 days after feedlot arrival.

The composition of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota has been shown to play a role in cattle respiratory health. However, previous studies are narrow in scope regarding longitudinal observations, limiting our understanding of how respiratory bacteria evolve over time. The objective was therefore to characterize this microbiota and its evolution over time in beef calves.

Optimal Running Dose and Cardiovascular Risk.

The cardiovascular benefits of regular exercise are well established. A mortality benefit has clearly been demonstrated for those that participate in light and moderate exercise. Less is known regarding the long-term effects of vigorous regular running over an extended period.

Epidemiology of Cervical Spine Injuries in High School Athletes Over a Ten-Year Period.

Background: More than 7 million athletes participate in high school sports annually, with both the benefits of physical activity and risks of injury. Although catastrophic cervical spine injuries have been studied, limited data are available that characterize less-severe cervical spine injuries in high school athletes.

Objective: To describe and compare cervical spine injury rates and patterns among U.