Anatomic basis for lymph node counts as measure of lymph node dissection extent: a cadaveric study.

Objective: To determine the number, variability, and distribution of pelvic lymph nodes to better understand the utility of the node count as a surrogate for the dissection extent. Although pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at radical cystectomy for bladder cancer is critical for disease control and staging, debate regarding the measurement of dissection adequacy remains. Many have proposed minimum node counts, yet an anatomic study assessing the number and variability of lymph nodes in the PLND templates is lacking.

Peripheral blood eosinophilia as a clue to the diagnosis of an occult Coccidioides infection.

A marked peripheral blood eosinophilia is an uncommon finding in a complete blood count (CBC). According to Wardlaw and Kay (Eosinophils and Their Disorders. In: Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS, Kipps TJ, Seligsohn U, editors.

Early microrecanalization of vas deferens following biodegradable graft implantation in bilaterally vasectomized rats.

We evaluated a biodegradable graft for reconstruction of rat vasa deferentia with long obstructed or missing segments. A total of 47 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy and were divided into groups according to length of the vas deferens affected (0.5, 1, 1.

The significance of lymphovascular invasion in transurethral resection of bladder tumour and cystectomy specimens on the survival of patients with urothelial bladder cancer.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that patients with bladder cancer who had evidence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in their transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and radical cystectomy (RC) specimens would have a worse prognosis and higher likelihood of clinical understaging, and to assess the effect of LVI discovered at RC on subsequent disease-related mortality, as the prognostic significance of LVI in TURBT or RC specimens of patients treated for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is not completely established.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 163 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder seen at our institution, and who had TURBT (69) or RC (94) between 1995 and 2005. We compared patients with LVI on TURBT and/or RC specimens to a group of controls who did not have LVI on TURBT (34) or RC (32).

Nonfunctional supernumerary testis in a 26-year-old man with orchalgia.

Polyorchidism is a rare phenomenon, with 47 histologically confirmed cases and 77 total reported cases. In most patients, it is an incidental finding or an asymptomatic scrotal mass. More than half of histologically confirmed supernumerary testes have been reported to have the potential for sperm production.