Immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation and the gut microbiota: Bidirectional interactions with clinical consequences.

Our understanding of the involvement of the gut microbiota (GM) in human health has expanded exponentially over the last few decades, particularly in the fields of metabolism, inflammation, and immunology. Immunosuppressive treatment (IST) prescribed to solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients produces GM changes that affect these different processes. This review aims at describing the current knowledge of how IST changes the GM.

COVID-19 in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis in the Paris Region.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a serious threat to patients on maintenance dialysis. The clinical setting, mortality rate, and prognostic factors in these patients have not been well established.

Methods: We included all dialyzed patients with COVID-19 referred to our dialysis center between March 11 and April 11, 2020.

[Nephrotoxicity of antiretrovirals other than tenofovir].

The remarkable improvement of the outcome of HIV infection came with the price of substantial toxicity of some antiretrovirals. The first molecules used to treat HIV included an important nephrotoxicity. Zalcitabine, stavudine and didanosine can induce severe lactic acidosis.