Designing a muon scattering scanner for nuclear debris measurement.

Removal of fuel debris is planned to start at Unit 2 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. During the removal, it is desirable to distinguish fuel debris from radioactive wastes and to sort the fuel debris accordingly to the amounts of nuclear material contained. Muon scattering tomography invented at Los Alamos in the early 2000s is highly sensitivity to high-atomic-number materials such as uranium.

Phase 1b study of carfilzomib with induction chemotherapy in pediatric relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in childhood. Survival for patients following relapse remains poor, and achieving complete remission (CR) after relapse is the first critical step to cure. Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor with an acceptable safety profile and clinical activity in adults with multiple myeloma but has not been assessed in children.

Muon scattering tomography: review.

Cosmic-ray muon scattering tomography has gathered attention in the security and nuclear industries in the last 10 years. Muon scattering tomography is capable of identifying atomic numbers of objects, is highly sensitivity to high-atomic-number materials such as uranium, and is very useful for detecting them in a background of low-atomic-number material. The principle, detectors, and applications of muon tomography are presented, as well as its future aspect.

TSLP or IL-7 provide an IL-7Rα signal that is critical for human B lymphopoiesis.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-7 are cytokines that signal via the IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rα) to exert both overlapping and unique functions during early stages of mouse B-cell development. In human B lymphopoiesis, the requirement for IL-7Rα signaling is controversial and the roles of IL-7 and TSLP are less clear. Here, we evaluated human B-cell production using novel in vitro and xenograft models of human B-cell development that provide selective IL-7 and human TSLP (hTSLP) stimulation.

Transcriptional Regulation of JARID1B/KDM5B Histone Demethylase by Ikaros, Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) in B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Impaired function of the Ikaros (IKZF1) protein is associated with the development of high-risk B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). The mechanisms of Ikaros tumor suppressor activity in leukemia are unknown. Ikaros binds to the upstream regulatory elements of its target genes and regulates their transcription via chromatin remodeling.

A novel xenograft model to study the role of TSLP-induced CRLF2 signals in normal and malignant human B lymphopoiesis.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) stimulates in-vitro proliferation of human fetal B-cell precursors. However, its in-vivo role during normal human B lymphopoiesis is unknown. Genetic alterations that cause overexpression of its receptor component, cytokine receptor-like factor 2 (CRLF2), lead to high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia implicating this signaling pathway in leukemogenesis.

Pomalidomide and lenalidomide regulate erythropoiesis and fetal hemoglobin production in human CD34+ cells.

Sickle-cell disease (SCD) and beta thalassemia constitute worldwide public health problems. New therapies, including hydroxyurea, have attempted to augment the synthesis of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and improve current treatment. Lenalidomide and pomalidomide are members of a class of immunomodulators used as anticancer agents.

Statistical reconstruction for cosmic ray muon tomography.

Highly penetrating cosmic ray muons constantly shower the earth at a rate of about 1 muon per cm2 per minute. We have developed a technique which exploits the multiple Coulomb scattering of these particles to perform nondestructive inspection without the use of artificial radiation. In prior work [1]-[3], we have described heuristic methods for processing muon data to create reconstructed images.

Immunomodulatory drug CC-4047 is a cell-type and stimulus-selective transcriptional inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2.

COX2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase, PTGS2) is a well-validated target in the fields of both oncology and inflammation. Despite their significant toxicity profile, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have become standard of care in the treatment of many COX2-mediated inflammatory conditions. In this report, we show that one IMiDs((R)) immunomodulatory drug, CC-4047, can reduce the levels of COX2 and the production of prostaglandins (PG) in human LPS-stimulated monocytes.

Mobilization of CD34+ cells in elderly patients (>/= 70 years) with multiple myeloma: influence of age, prior therapy, platelet count and mobilization regimen.

The mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells was studied in 984 multiple myeloma patients, including 106 patients aged >/= 70 years. Increasing age correlated inversely with CD34+ yield (P < 0.0001), but also with >/= 12 months of prior standard chemotherapy (P = 0.