Electron beam-induced crystallization of AlO gate layer on β-GaO MOS capacitors.

Electron irradiation was observed to induce crystallization of amorphous AlO films grown by atomic layer deposition on β-GaO substrates. Growth of large, strongly oriented crystalline γ-AlO regions was induced using conventional-mode transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and observed to propagate outward from the interface as well as from the previously crystallized AlO. A few nm of epitaxial AlO was already visible at the beginning of the crystallization front propagation.

Quantification of elemental and total carbon in combustion particulate matter using thermal-oxidative analysis.

The use of a two-step thermal-oxidative analysis (TOA) technique for quantification of the mass of total carbon (TC) and elemental carbon (EC) of turbine engine-borne particulate matter (PM) has been evaluated. This approach could be used in lieu of analysis methods which were developed to characterize diluted PM. This effort is of particular interest as turbine engine PM emissions typically have a higher EC content than ambient aerosols, and filter sample mass loadings can be significantly greater than recommended for existing analysis techniques.

Comparison of measurement methods for the characterization of the black carbon emissions from a T63 turboshaft engine burning conventional and Fischer-Tropsch fuels.

Emission measurements of black carbon (BC) mass were conducted on a T63 turboshaft engine, operated at idle and cruise power with conventional and alternative fuels, using an Artium LII-300 laser-induced incandescence analyzer (LII) and AVL model 483 micro soot sensor (MSS) photoacoustic instrument using the manufacturer's calibration for both instruments. These measurements were compared with elemental carbon (EC) determined by manual and semicontinuous thermal-optical transmission analyses according to National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method 5040 as the reference method. The results indicate that both the LII and MSS instruments show good linear correlation with EC for the two fuels and two engine power conditions evaluated.

Development of methodologies for identification and quantification of hazardous air pollutants from turbine engine emissions.

Unlabelled: Aircraft turbine engines are a significant source of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous emissions in the vicinity of airports and military installations. Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) (e.g.