Early chloride intake does not parallel that of sodium in extremely-low-birth-weight infants and may impair neonatal outcomes.

Background And Objective: Accurate data on the optimal chloride (Cl) intake in premature infants are scarce. The aim of the present study was to describe Cl intakes in the first 10 days of life and to assess the relations between high Cl intakes and corrected serum Cl level or markers of severe acidosis in infants <28 weeks' gestation.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all of the infants <28 weeks admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during a 3-year period and cared for from birth until day 10 or more.

Dynamic and Contextual Information in HMM Modeling for Handwritten Word Recognition.

This study aims at building an efficient word recognition system resulting from the combination of three handwriting recognizers. The main component of this combined system is an HMM-based recognizer which considers dynamic and contextual information for a better modeling of writing units. For modeling the contextual units, a state-tying process based on decision tree clustering is introduced.