The Effect of Drawing Microbiology Concepts on Short-Term Retention Before and After Interrupted Learning.

Introduction: Throughout the preclinical education curriculum, medical students learn numerous concepts that must be retained and added to over time. Previous studies have shown that utilizing drawing leads to improved retention of concepts. However, limited studies have investigated the use of drawing at the medical school level.

Video Documentation as a Measure of Written Documentation Accuracy in Emergency Medical Service Field Intubations.

Introduction: Quality improvement (QI) is a major focus of all departments and fields of health care, including emergency medical services. The chaotic and rapidly evolving atmosphere in which paramedics must practice can lead to inconsistency between what is documented and the actual events. This leads to difficulty when trying to evaluate the practitioners and when implementing a QI program.

Nanoparticle-Polymer Surface Functionalizations for Capacitive Energy Storage: Experimental Comparison to First Principles Simulations.

Dielectric capacitors present many advantages for large-scale energy storage, but they presently require higher energy density. We demonstrate novel high energy density polymer-nanoparticle composite capacitors utilizing thiol-ene click chemistry surface groups to bond the nanoparticles covalently to the polymer matrix. Interfacial effects in composites cannot be observed directly, and in our previous work, we examined the nanoparticle-polymer interface in silico.

Lack of polyamines leads to cotranslational degradation of the general stress factor RpoS in Escherichia coli.

The specialized sigma factor RpoS mediates a general stress response in Escherichia coli and related bacteria, activating promoters that allow cells to survive stationary phase and many stresses. RpoS synthesis and stability are regulated at multiple levels. Translation of RpoS is positively regulated by multiple small RNAs in response to stress.

Toxicity assessment of a novel oil dispersant based on silica nanoparticles using Fathead minnow.

Oil spill accidents are a major concern for aquatic organisms. In recent history, the Deepwater Horizon blowout spilled 500 million liters of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Corexit 9500A was used to disperse the oil since it was the method approved at that time, despite safety concerns about its use.

A patient with lower extremity weakness after recent endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background: Thrombosis of an endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is a devastating complication of a common surgical procedure that can lead to serious morbidity and mortality if not promptly recognized. This is the first case report of an EVAR graft thrombosis in the emergency medicine literature.

Case Report: We present a case of a patient with lower extremity paraplegia secondary to thrombosis of an EVAR graft who presented to the emergency room with acute stroke-like symptoms after a recent EVAR procedure.

Absolute requirement for polyamines for growth of Escherichia coli mutants (mnmE/G) defective in modification of the wobble anticodon of transfer-RNA.

The genes mnmE and mnmG are responsible for the modification of uridine 34, 'the wobble position' of many aminoacyl-tRNAs. Deletion of these genes affects the strength of the codon-anticodon interactions of the aminoacyl-tRNAs with the mRNAs and the ribosomes. However, deletion of these genes does not usually have a significant effect on the growth rate of the standard Escherichia coli strains.

Tropomodulin's Actin-Binding Abilities Are Required to Modulate Dendrite Development.

There are many unanswered questions about the roles of the actin pointed end capping and actin nucleation by tropomodulins (Tmod) in regulating neural morphology. Previous studies indicate that Tmod1 and Tmod2 regulate morphology of the dendritic arbor and spines. Tmod3, which is expressed in the brain, had only a minor influence on morphology.

Leaf expansion in : transient auxin-induced growth increase.

Control of leaf expansion by auxin is not well understood. Evidence from short term exogenous applications and from treatment of excised tissues suggests auxin positively influences growth. Manipulations of endogenous leaf auxin content, however, suggests that, long-term, auxin suppresses leaf expansion.

Pain self-efficacy mediates the relationship between depressive symptoms and pain severity.

Objectives: We examined the relationships between depressive symptoms, pain severity, and pain self-efficacy (PSE) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). We hypothesized that change in depressive symptoms would significantly influence change in pain severity, and that PSE indirectly affects this relationship.

Materials And Methods: Participants were 109 CLBP patients in a 4-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for CLBP.

Rabbit models for continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis instruction.

Purpose: To develop a rabbit model for continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) instruction.

Setting: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Design: Experimental study.

Auxin-induced leaf blade expansion in Arabidopsis requires both wounding and detachment.

Elevation of leaf auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) levels in intact plants has been consistently found to inhibit leaf expansion whereas excised leaf strips grow faster when treated with IAA. Here we test two hypothetical explanations for this difference in growth sensitivity to IAA by expanding leaf tissues in vivo versus in vitro. We asked if, in Arabidopsis, IAA-induced growth of excised leaf strips results from the wounding required to excise tissue and/or results from detachment from the plant and thus loss of some shoot or root derived growth controlling factors.

Photolysis of (3-methyl-2H-azirin-2-yl)-phenylmethanone: direct detection of a triplet vinylnitrene intermediate.

The photoreactivity of (3-methyl-2H-azirin-2-yl)-phenylmethanone, 1, is wavelength-dependent (Singh et al. J. Am.

Hypermethylation of a cluster of Krüppel-type zinc finger protein genes on chromosome 19q13 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Identification of epigenetically affected genes has become an important tool for understanding both normal and aberrant gene expression in cancer. Here we report a whole-genome analysis of DNA methylation profiles in fresh-frozen oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) tissues and normal mucosa samples using microarray technology with patient genomic DNA. We initially compared whole-genome patterns of DNA methylation among 24 OPSCC primary tumors and 24 matched normal mucosal samples.

Mechanisms of erythropoiesis inhibition by malarial pigment and malaria-induced proinflammatory mediators in an in vitro model.

One of the commonest complications of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is the development of severe malarial anemia (SMA), which is, at least in part, due to malaria-induced suppression of erythropoiesis. Factors associated with suppression of erythropoiesis and development of SMA include accumulation of malarial pigment (hemozoin, PfHz) in bone marrow and altered production of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitric oxide (NO). However, studies investigating the specific mechanisms responsible for inhibition of red blood cell development have been hampered by difficulties in obtaining bone marrow aspirates from infants and young children, and the lack of reliable models for examining erythroid development.

Structural insight into the functional mechanism of Nep1/Emg1 N1-specific pseudouridine methyltransferase in ribosome biogenesis.

Nucleolar Essential Protein 1 (Nep1) is required for small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation and is mutated in Bowen-Conradi Syndrome. Although yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Nep1 interacts with a consensus sequence found in three regions of SSU rRNA, the molecular details of the interaction are unknown. Nep1 is a SPOUT RNA methyltransferase, and can catalyze methylation at the N1 of pseudouridine.

Axon repair: surgical application at a subcellular scale.

Injury to the nervous system is a common occurrence after trauma. Severe cases of injury exact a tremendous personal cost and place a significant healthcare burden on society. Unlike some tissues in the body that exhibit self healing, nerve cells that are injured, particularly those in the brain and spinal cord, are incapable of regenerating circuits by themselves to restore neurological function.

FDA drug approval intervals from 1997 to 2006: analysis and comparison during information technology implementation.

The implementation of new Information Technology (IT) has been a persistent target for improving FDA review intervals. Three main categories of new drugs are studied: New Drug Application (NDA), the Supplemental New Drug Application (SNDA) and the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA). This paper finds that the median review time for an ANDA was significantly longer than that of an NDA and SDNA.

A novel functional variant in the stem cell growth factor promoter protects against severe malarial anemia.

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading global cause of infectious disease burden. In areas in which P. falciparum transmission is holoendemic, such as western Kenya, severe malarial anemia (SMA) results in high rates of pediatric morbidity and mortality.

Inflammatory biomarkers and decline in kidney function in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background: Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated a consistent and linear association between circulating inflammatory markers and kidney function. The objective of this study was to determine whether elevated markers of inflammation are independently associated with longitudinal kidney function decline.

Methods: This study included 4128 subjects from the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Suppression of a novel hematopoietic mediator in children with severe malarial anemia.

In areas of holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission, severe malarial anemia (SMA) is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Although many soluble mediators regulate erythropoiesis, it is unclear how these factors contribute to development of SMA. Investigation of novel genes dysregulated in response to malarial pigment (hemozoin [PfHz]) revealed that stem cell growth factor (SCGF; also called C-type lectin domain family member 11A [CLEC11A]), a hematopoietic growth factor important for development of erythroid and myeloid progenitors, was one of the most differentially expressed genes.

The electrical response of Phaseolus vulgaris roots to abrupt exposure to hydroquinone.

Previous reports have suggested the primary mode of action of the allelochemical hydroquinone involves disruption of root cell membrane transport. Here we report the effects of hydroquinone on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants. Growth of leaves, roots and stems were all inhibited by 14 day exposure to 0.

Polymorphic variability in the interleukin (IL)-1beta promoter conditions susceptibility to severe malarial anemia and functional changes in IL-1beta production.

Interleukin (IL)-1beta is a cytokine released as part of the innate immune response to Plasmodium falciparum. Because the role played by IL-1beta polymorphic variability in conditioning the immunopathogenesis of severe malarial anemia (SMA) remains undefined, relationships between IL-1beta promoter variants (-31C/T and -511A/G), SMA (hemoglobin [Hb] level <6.0 g/dL), and circulating IL-1beta levels were investigated in children with parasitemia (n= 566) from western Kenya.