Systematic literature review of lymphatic imaging-guided procedural management of Noonan syndrome.

Objectives: To assess through literature case analysis how advances in lymphatic imaging, interventional radiology, and lymphatic vascular microsurgery illuminate and improve the lymphatic-flow status in select patients with Noonan syndrome (NS) who have undergone surgical intervention as a part of their comprehensive and individualized treatment plan. Also, we sought to illustrate the spectrum of lymphatic complications that can occur in this patient population when lymphatic flow through abnormal vasculature is surgically disrupted.

Methods: A literature review was performed by searching "Noonan AND Lymphatic AND Imaging" in the PubMed database.