Encoding a magic state with beyond break-even fidelity.

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from noise. We can complete a universal set of logic gates by producing special resources called magic states. It is therefore important to produce high-fidelity magic states to conduct algorithms while introducing a minimal amount of noise to the computation.

Quantum process tomography with unsupervised learning and tensor networks.

The impressive pace of advance of quantum technology calls for robust and scalable techniques for the characterization and validation of quantum hardware. Quantum process tomography, the reconstruction of an unknown quantum channel from measurement data, remains the quintessential primitive to completely characterize quantum devices. However, due to the exponential scaling of the required data and classical post-processing, its range of applicability is typically restricted to one- and two-qubit gates.

Outcome with surgical treatment of canine soft tissue sarcoma in the region of the ischiatic tuberosity: A veterinary society of surgical oncology retrospective study.

The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of dogs with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) within the region of the ischiatic tuberosity (ITSTS) treated surgically. This was a multi-institutional retrospective study. Fifty-two dogs met the inclusion criteria, which were: histologically confirmed STS in the region of the IT treated with surgical resection between March 1st, 2009 and March 1st, 2021 with a minimum follow-up time of 6 months.

The pinna composite flap for wound reconstruction in a dog.

Objective: To report the surgical technique and outcome of the use of a pinna composite flap for reconstruction of a wound defect following wide surgical resection of a mast cell tumor.

Animals: A 4-year-old female spayed golden doodle.

Study Design: Clinical case report.

Effect of perioperative desmopressin in cats with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy.

Perioperative administration of desmopressin has shown to significantly decrease rates of local recurrence and metastasis, and increase survival times in dogs with grade II and III mammary carcinomas. The objective of this study was to compare the oncologic outcome of cats with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy with or without perioperative administration of desmopressin. Medical records from nine veterinary institutions were searched to identify cats diagnosed with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy.

Biological behaviour and clinical outcome in 42 cats with sarcoids (cutaneous fibropapillomas).

Feline sarcoids (or cutaneous fibropapillomas) are rare dermal neoplasms. There are currently no reported statistics concerning their clinical behaviour. Our objective with this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to describe the clinical presentation and biological behaviour of sarcoids in cats and to determine the oncologic outcome following surgical resection.

Wnt and TGFβ coordinate growth and patterning to regulate size-dependent behaviour.

Differential coordination of growth and patterning across metazoans gives rise to a diversity of sizes and shapes at tissue, organ and organismal levels. Although tissue size and tissue function can be interdependent, mechanisms that coordinate size and function remain poorly understood. Planarians are regenerative flatworms that bidirectionally scale their adult body size and reproduce asexually, via transverse fission, in a size-dependent manner.

Increasing p-type dye sensitised solar cell photovoltages using polyoxometalates.

Lindqvist polyoxometalate (POM) additives increase V in p-type DSSCs by up to 140%, yielding substantial efficiency gains for poorly matched dyes and redox mediators. For better dye/electrolyte combinations, these gains are typically outweighed by losses in J. Charge lifetime and transient IR measurements show that this is due to retardation of both recombination and electron transfer to the mediator, and a positive shift in the NiO valence band edge.

Charge-transfer dynamics at the dye-semiconductor interface of photocathodes for solar energy applications.

This article describes a comparison between the photophysical properties of two charge-transfer dyes adsorbed onto NiO via two different binding moieties. Transient spectroscopy measurements suggest that the structure of the anchoring group affects both the rate of charge recombination between the dye and NiO surface and the rate of dye regeneration by an iodide/triiodide redox couple. This is consistent with the performance of the dyes in p-type dye sensitised solar cells.

Investigation of a new bis(carboxylate)triazole-based anchoring ligand for dye solar cell chromophore complexes.

A novel anchoring ligand for dye-sensitised solar cell chromophoric complexes, 1-(2,2'-bipyrid-4-yl)-1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (dctzbpy), is described. The new dye complexes [Ru(bpy)(dctzbpy)][PF] (AS16), [Ir(ppy)(dctzbpy)][PF] (AS17) and [Re(dctzbpy)(CO)Cl] (AS18) were prepared in a two stage procedure with intermediate isolation of their diester analogues, AS16-Et2, AS17-Et2 and AS18-Et2 respectively. Electrochemical analysis of AS16-Et2, AS17-Et2 and AS18-Et2 reveal reduction potentials in the range -1.

Can aliphatic anchoring groups be utilised with dyes for p-type dye sensitized solar cells?

A series of novel laterally anchoring tetrahydroquinoline derivatives have been synthesized and investigated for their use in NiO-based p-type dye-sensitized solar cells. The kinetics of charge injection and recombination at the NiO-dye interface for these dyes have been thoroughly investigated using picosecond transient absorption and time-resolved infrared measurements. It was revealed that despite the anchoring unit being electronically decoupled from the dye structure, charge injection occurred on a sub picosecond timescale.

A comprehensive comparison of dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes for solar energy conversion.

We investigated a range of different mesoporous NiO electrodes prepared by different research groups and private firms in Europe to determine the parameters which influence good quality photoelectrochemical devices. This benchmarking study aims to solve some of the discrepancies in the literature regarding the performance of p-DSCs due to differences in the quality of the device fabrication. The information obtained will lay the foundation for future photocatalytic systems based on sensitized NiO so that new dyes and catalysts can be tested with a standardized material.

Correction: Design and characterisation of bodipy sensitizers for dye-sensitized NiO solar cells.

Correction for 'Design and characterisation of bodipy sensitizers for dye-sensitized NiO solar cells' by Gareth H. Summers et al., Phys.

Design and characterisation of bodipy sensitizers for dye-sensitized NiO solar cells.

A series of photosensitizers for NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells is presented. Three model compounds containing a triphenylamine donor appended to a boron dipyrromethene (bodipy) chromophore have been successfully prepared and characterised using emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry, to ultimately direct the design of dyes with more complex structures. Carboxylic acid anchoring groups and thiophene spacers were appended to the model compounds to provide five dyes which were adsorbed onto NiO and integrated into dye-sensitized solar cells.

Ni Mg Mixed Metal Oxides for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Mg Ni mixed metal oxide photocathodes have been prepared by a mixed NiCl2/MgCl2 sol-gel process. The MgO/NiO electrodes have been extensively characterized using physical and electrochemical methods. Dye-sensitized solar cells have been prepared from these films, and the higher concentrations of MgO improved the photovoltage of these devices; however, there was a notable drop in photocurrent with increasing Mg(2+).

Cavity cooling of an ensemble spin system.

We describe how sideband cooling techniques may be applied to large spin ensembles in magnetic resonance. Using the Tavis-Cummings model in the presence of a Rabi drive, we solve a Markovian master equation describing the joint spin-cavity dynamics to derive cooling rates as a function of ensemble size. Our calculations indicate that the coupled angular momentum subspaces of a spin ensemble containing roughly 10(11) electron spins may be polarized in a time many orders of magnitude shorter than the typical thermal relaxation time.

Low-dose computed tomography versus plain abdominal radiography in the investigation of an acute abdomen.

Background: To compare low-dose abdominal computed tomography (LDCT) with plain abdominal radiography (AR) in the primary investigation of acute abdominal pain to determine if there is a difference in diagnostic yield, the number of additional investigations required and hospital length of stay (LOS).

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained. Patients presenting to the emergency department with an acute abdomen and who would normally be investigated with AR were randomized to either AR or LDCT.