Hepatic steatosis: Qualitative and quantitative sonographic assessment in comparison to histology.

Introduction: Globally, B-mode ultrasound is the most common modality used for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. We aimed to assess the correlation between qualitative liver ultrasound parameters, attenuation imaging (ATI) and histopathology-diagnosed steatosis grade obtained from liver biopsy. Our secondary aim was to examine the interobserver variability of qualitative ultrasound features.

A High Visceral-to-Skeletal Muscle Area Ratio on Cross-Sectional Imaging Is Associated With Failure of Standard Ustekinumab Doses: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Anti-interleukin 12/23 agents have shown greater durability in response compared with anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents. Data on the association between body composition (BC) or body mass index (BMI) and ustekinumab's therapeutic response is limited. We aimed to evaluate the impact of BC on time to failing standard doses of ustekinumab in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).

Association of Computed Tomography Measures of Muscle and Adipose Tissue and Progressive Changes throughout Treatment with Clinical Endpoints in Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

To investigate the association between skeletal muscle mass and adiposity measures with disease-free progression (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving immunotherapy, we retrospectively analysed 97 patients (age: 67.5 ± 10.2 years) with lung cancer who were treated with immunotherapy between March 2014 and June 2019.

Correlation between hepatorenal index and attenuation imaging for assessing hepatic steatosis.

Introduction: Hepatic steatosis screening is required to assess high-risk populations, identify those for intervention, monitor response and prevent disease progression and complications. Liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction are current gold standards, but are limited by biopsy risk factors, patient tolerance and cost. Non-invasive, cost-effective, semi-quantitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment exists.

Hepatic steatosis: Ultrasound assessment using attenuation imaging (ATI) with liver biopsy correlation.

Introduction: Hepatic steatosis duration and severity are risk factors for liver fibrosis and cardiometabolic disease. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of attenuation imaging (ATI), compared with histologic hepatosteatosis grading in adults with varied suspected liver pathologies.

Methods: Liver biopsy was performed on 76 patients (51 women, 25 men) with non-malignant diffuse parenchymal liver disease, within 4 weeks of multiparametric liver ultrasound including attenuation imaging (ATI).

Clinical relevance of shear wave elastography compared with transient elastography and other markers of liver fibrosis.

Background: Early and accurate non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis is important for reducing the burden of cirrhosis and related complications.

Aim: This cross-sectional study compares shear wave elastography (SWE), transient elastography (TE) and clinical markers of chronic liver disease in patients with various liver disorders.

Methods: Liver ultrasound with SWE was performed on 421 adult patients, 227 of whom also had TE.

The Effect of Adiposity on Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Levels and Loss of Response in Crohn's Disease Patients.

Introduction: A high body mass index is known to adversely affect antitumor necrosis factor-alpha trough levels and secondary loss of response (SLOR) in patients with Crohn's disease. We hypothesize that high levels of adiposity negatively affect these outcomes and aimed to determine if this relationship exists.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 69 patients with Crohn's disease from two tertiary inflammatory bowel disease centers between February 1, 2015, and June 30, 2018.

HELLP syndrome: An ultrasound case of geographically altered liver parenchymal echogenicity with shear wave elastography, shear wave dispersion and attenuation imaging correlation.

HELLP syndrome is a rare, potentially life threatening obstetric condition that is diagnosed by the combination of Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzyme levels, and Low Platelets (, 1, 164, 2011). HELLP affects between 0.5% and 0.

Sonographic twinkle artefact in renal calculus detection: Impact of scanning factors in a phantom model.

Introduction: A common clinical use of the twinkle artefact is to detect and confirm renal calcification on ultrasound. There is however variable demonstration of this artefact using newer generation ultrasound machines. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of altering multiple scanning factors on ultrasound machines from four major manufacturers on the demonstration of the twinkle artefact.

Indications and selection of MR enterography vs. MR enteroclysis with emphasis on patients who need small bowel MRI and general anaesthesia: results of a survey.

Aims: To survey the perceived indications for magnetic resonance imaging of the small bowel (MRE) by experts, when MR enteroclysis (MREc) or MR enterography (MREg) may be chosen, and to determine how the approach to MRE is modified when general anaesthesia (GA) is required.

Materials And Methods: Selected opinion leaders in MRE completed a questionnaire that included clinical indications (MREg or MREc), specifics regarding administration of enteral contrast, and how the technique is altered to accommodate GA.

Results: Fourteen responded.

CT brain findings in a patient with elevated brain cesium levels.

We describe the CT findings in the brain of a woman with pathologically proven elevated levels of blood and tissue cesium. The 42-year-old woman had been receiving cesium chloride as a non-mainstream treatment for metastatic breast carcinoma. She presented to hospital following a seizure, and died 48 hours after admission.

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the peripheral arteries: technique, tips, pitfalls and problems.

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography is a reliable way to assess peripheral vascular disease. This article reviews the basic physics behind this technique and discusses our institution's experience with regard to the clinical role, recent advances in image acquisition and use of contrast agents. Problems that can affect image quality and interpretation are also highlighted.

Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through: which is optimal?

Aim: To determine if a nasojejunal tube (NJT) is required for optimal examination of enteroclysis and if patients can be examined only in the supine position.

Methods: Data were collected from all patients undergoing small bowel (SB) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination over a 32-mo period. Patients either underwent a magnetic resonance (MR) follow-through (MRFT) or a MR enteroclysis (MRE) in the supine position.

Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn's disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology.

Aim: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical pathology.

Methods: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement.