Trends in Reptile Holdings Across UK Zoos: Identification of the Factors Responsible for Declining Numbers of Venomous Snake.

Zoos are under increasing pressure to strategically manage their collections to maximize visitor attendance, financial income, and their contribution to conservation. As a result, the compositions of zoo collections are undergoing significant changes. Many zoos are keeping fewer species and prioritizing keeping large flagship animals that are more attractive to the public.

Fluid shear stress affects the metabolic and toxicological response of the rainbow trout gill cell line RTgill-W1.

The Rainbow trout gill cell-line (RTgill-W1) has been accepted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD TG249) as a replacement for fish in acute toxicity tests. In these tests cells are exposed under static conditions. In contrast, in vivo, water moves over fish gills generating fluid shear stress (FSS) that alters cell physiology and response to toxicants.

COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes, Perceptions, and Side Effect Experiences in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender, and Vaccine Type Matter?

This study aimed to investigate the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of side effects with the COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia among participants in the National Vaccination Program. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of vaccine-eligible and vaccinated individuals in Malaysia between May and July 2021. A total of 428 respondents completed the survey.

Proposal for Realizing Quantum Scars in the Tilted 1D Fermi-Hubbard Model.

Motivated by recent observations of ergodicity breaking due to Hilbert space fragmentation in 1D Fermi-Hubbard chains with a tilted potential [Scherg et al., arXiv:2010.12965], we show that the same system also hosts quantum many-body scars in a regime U≈Δ≫J at electronic filling factor ν=1.

Emergent SU(2) Dynamics and Perfect Quantum Many-Body Scars.

Motivated by recent experimental observations of coherent many-body revivals in a constrained Rydberg atom chain, we construct a weak quasilocal deformation of the Rydberg-blockaded Hamiltonian, which makes the revivals virtually perfect. Our analysis suggests the existence of an underlying nonintegrable Hamiltonian which supports an emergent SU(2)-spin dynamics within a small subspace of the many-body Hilbert space. We show that such perfect dynamics necessitates the existence of atypical, nonergodic energy eigenstates-quantum many-body scars.

Endothelium-derived fibronectin regulates neonatal vascular morphogenesis in an autocrine fashion.

Fibronectin containing alternatively spliced EIIIA and EIIIB domains is largely absent from mature quiescent vessels in adults, but is highly expressed around blood vessels during developmental and pathological angiogenesis. The precise functions of fibronectin and its splice variants during developmental angiogenesis however remain unclear due to the presence of cardiac, somitic, mesodermal and neural defects in existing global fibronectin KO mouse models. Using a rare family of surviving EIIIA EIIIB double KO mice, as well as inducible endothelial-specific fibronectin-deficient mutant mice, we show that vascular development in the neonatal retina is regulated in an autocrine manner by endothelium-derived fibronectin, and requires both EIIIA and EIIIB domains and the RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins for its function.

Optimal free descriptions of many-body theories.

Interacting bosons or fermions give rise to some of the most fascinating phases of matter, including high-temperature superconductivity, the fractional quantum Hall effect, quantum spin liquids and Mott insulators. Although these systems are promising for technological applications, they also present conceptual challenges, as they require approaches beyond mean-field and perturbation theory. Here we develop a general framework for identifying the free theory that is closest to a given interacting model in terms of their ground-state correlations.

Qualitative Evaluation of a Practice-based Experience Pilot Program for Master of Pharmacy Students in Scotland.

To determine the views of pharmacists in central Scotland regarding experiential education for MPharm students. A thematic analysis was completed by Ms. Gillian Hendry and Dr.

Description and Evaluation of an MPharm Practice-based Experience Pilot Program.

To determine the level of support among pharmacists in central Scotland to serve as mentors and provide practice-based experience to students enrolled in a master of pharmacy degree program. A study was conducted during the 2011-2012 academic year in which first-year MPharm students in Scotland were paired with practicing pharmacists for 2 half-day visits per month. The students were integrated into the pharmacy workflow and engaged in activities ranging from date checking to counseling patients.

Sustainability of a Practice-based Interprofessional Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience Course.

Objective: To describe a successfully sustained interprofessional introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) in which third-year pharmacy students were paired with nonpharmacist practitioners.

Methods: Course data were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed to reveal details about the program. Provider participant numbers and student perception data were reviewed and reported on.

α5 and αv integrins cooperate to regulate vascular smooth muscle and neural crest functions in vivo.

The RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins have been shown to be key regulators of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) function in vitro. However, their role on vSMCs during vascular development in vivo remains unclear. To address this issue, we have generated mice that lack α5, αv or both α5 and αv integrins on their vSMCs, using the SM22α-Cre transgenic mouse line.

Integrin-α5β1 is not required for mural cell functions during development of blood vessels but is required for lymphatic-blood vessel separation and lymphovenous valve formation.

Integrin α5β1 is essential for vascular development but it remains unclear precisely where and how it functions. Here, we report that deletion of the gene encoding the integrin-α5 subunit (Itga5) using the Pdgfrb-Cre transgenic mouse line, leads to oedema, haemorrhage and increased levels of embryonic lethality. Unexpectedly, these defects were not caused by loss of α5 from Pdgfrb-Cre expressing mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells), which wrap around the endothelium and stabilise blood vessels, nor by defects in the heart or great vessels, but were due to abnormal development of the lymphatic vasculature.

Ephrin-B2 controls PDGFRβ internalization and signaling.

B-class ephrins, ligands for EphB receptor tyrosine kinases, are critical regulators of growth and patterning processes in many organs and species. In the endothelium of the developing vasculature, ephrin-B2 controls endothelial sprouting and proliferation, which has been linked to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor endocytosis and signaling. Ephrin-B2 also has essential roles in supporting mural cells (namely, pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells [VSMCs]), but the underlying mechanism is not understood.

A three-year reflective writing program as part of introductory pharmacy practice experiences.

Objectives: To implement and evaluate a 3-year reflective writing program incorporated into introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) in the first- through third-year of a doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) program.

Design: Reflective writing was integrated into 6 IPPE courses to develop students' lifelong learning skills. In their writing, students were required to self-assess their performance in patient care activities, identify and describe how they would incorporate learning opportunities, and then evaluate their progress.

NMR solution structure and condition-dependent oligomerization of the antimicrobial peptide human defensin 5.

Human defensin 5 (HD5) is a 32-residue host-defense peptide expressed in the gastrointestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts that has antimicrobial activity. It exhibits six cysteine residues that are regiospecifically oxidized to form three disulfide bonds (Cys(3)-Cys(31), Cys(5)-Cys(20), and Cys(10)-Cys(30)) in the oxidized form (HD5(ox)). To probe the solution structure and oligomerization properties of HD5(ox), and select mutant peptides lacking one or more disulfide bonds, NMR solution studies and analytical ultracentrifugation experiments are reported in addition to in vitro peptide stability assays.

Further development of pharmacy student-facilitated diabetes management clinics.

Objective: To further develop and evaluate a diabetes disease state management (DSM) program that provided direct patient care responsibilities to advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students as members of healthcare teams.

Design: Nine new clinics and 3 established sites that provide self-care management education to patients with diabetes were established and maintained in rural Colorado pharmacies and supported by students in APPE training for 48 weeks per year.

Evaluation: The 12 clinics provided 120 APPE student placements in 2010-2011.

Chemical shift anisotropy selective inversion.

Magic angle spinning (MAS) is used in solid-state NMR to remove the broadening effects of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA). In this work we investigate a technique that can reintroduce the CSA in order to selectively invert transverse magnetization. The technique involves an amplitude sweep of the radio frequency field through a multiple of the spinning frequency.

Physician acceptance of pharmacotherapy recommendations made by pharmacy students in a rural pharmacy-based diabetes care and education clinic.

Objective: To assess outcomes from a rural, community pharmacy-based diabetes care and education program involving collaboration between local pharmacists and physicians, fourth-year pharmacy students, and University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy faculty members.

Design: Fourth-year pharmacy students provided education and testing (hemoglobin A1c, blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles) to diabetes patients, once a month for 6 months. Clinical notes with medication recommendations were faxed to each patient's physician following each visit.

In situ temperature-jump dynamic nuclear polarization: enhanced sensitivity in two dimensional 13C-13C correlation spectroscopy in solution.

Dynamic nuclear polarization is combined with temperature-jump methods to develop a new 2D 13C-13C NMR experiment that yields a factor of 100-170 increase in sensitivity. The polaization step is performed at 100 K, and the sample is subsequently melted with a 10.6 microm laser pulse to yield a sample with highly polarized 13C spins.

DNA oligonucleotides with A, T, G or C opposite an abasic site: structure and dynamics.

Abasic sites are common DNA lesions resulting from spontaneous depurination and excision of damaged nucleobases by DNA repair enzymes. However, the influence of the local sequence context on the structure of the abasic site and ultimately, its recognition and repair, remains elusive. In the present study, duplex DNAs with three different bases (G, C or T) opposite an abasic site have been synthesized in the same sequence context (5'-CCA AAG6 XA8C CGG G-3', where X denotes the abasic site) and characterized by 2D NMR spectroscopy.

A strategy to develop advanced pharmacy practice experiences.

Objective: To establish statewide medication, disease management, and other clinical programs to serve as advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) training sites for the University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, and to guarantee year-round support for the programs by providing pharmacy students with the necessary competencies to carry a significant proportion of each program's workload.

Methods: Partnerships with pharmacies willing to use students to expand their scope of clinical practice or support existing programs were established. Partners were asked to choose the clinical program(s) they wished implemented or supported and were guaranteed that APPE students would contribute to carrying each program's clinical service workload for 48 week/year under the supervision of the partners' pharmacists.

Regulation of angiogenesis by Eph-ephrin interactions.

The large families of Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands transduce signals in a cell-cell contact-dependent fashion and thereby coordinate the growth, differentiation, and patterning of almost every organ and tissue. Eph-ephrin interactions can trigger a wide array of cellular responses, including cell adhesion, boundary formation, and repulsion. The exact mechanisms leading to this diversity of responses are unclear but appear to involve differential signaling, proteolytic cleavage of ephrins, and endocytosis of the ligand-receptor complex.

An introductory pharmacy practice experience emphasizing student-administered vaccinations.

Objective: To introduce a requirement for second-professional year (P2) and third-professional year (P3) students to administer vaccinations to adults in community pharmacy-based immunization clinics.

Design: Second-professional year students were trained to administer influenza, pneumococcal, and other vaccinations to adults following the American Pharmacists Association's standards. All P2 students in fall 2004 and all P2 and P3 students in fall 2005 were assigned to 2 community pharmacy-based immunization clinics in the metropolitan Denver area under the supervision of immunization-certified staff pharmacists.

Nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies and molecular modeling of duplex DNA containing normal and 4'-oxidized abasic sites.

A 4'-oxidized abasic site (X) has been synthesized in a defined duplex DNA sequence, 5'-d(CCAAAGXACCGGG)-3'/3'-d(GGTTTCATGGCCC)-5' (1). Its structure has been determined by two-dimensional NMR methods, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations. 1 is globally B-form with the base (A) opposite X intrahelical and well-stacked.

An assessment system for mapping CAPE outcomes in an advanced pharmacy practice experience program.

Objective: To implement and evaluate an assessment system based on the 1998 Center for the Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education's (CAPE) Outcomes for students in advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs).

Description: The system requires each preceptor to create a summative assessment tool by choosing the most important 20-30 CAPE competencies and sub-elements necessary for his/her pharmacy practice with each to be scored by him/her on a 4-point scale from "exceeds expectations" to "below expectations." Students' grades are determined by an examination committee based on the preceptors' assessments.