The pharmacokinetics of methadone and its metabolites in neonates, infants, and children.

Background: The lack of methadone pharmacokinetic data in children and neonates restrains dosing to achieve the target concentration in these populations. A minimum effective analgesic concentration of methadone in opioid naïve adults is 0.058 mg·l(-1) , while no withdrawal symptoms were observed in neonates suffering opioid withdrawal if plasma concentrations of methadone were above 0.

Propofol for pediatric tracheal intubation with deep anesthesia during sevoflurane induction: dosing according to elapsed time for two age groups.

Study Objective: To determine, for two different age groups, the effect of duration of sevoflurane administration on the amount of propofol needed when performing tracheal intubation.

Design: Classic Dixon's Up-and-Down sequential method.

Setting: University based operating rooms.

High-fidelity simulation is superior to case-based discussion in teaching the management of shock.

Background: Case-based discussion (CBD) is an established method for active learning in medical education. High-fidelity simulation has emerged as an important new educational technology. There is limited data from direct comparisons of these modalities.

The pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion.

Background: The optimal methadone dosing regimen for children undergoing spinal surgery is uncertain because of sparse pediatric pharmacokinetic data and a paucity of analgesic effect data. The minimum effective analgesic concentration of methadone in opioid naïve adults is 58 mcg · L(-1).

Methods: Adolescents aged 12-19 years undergoing idiopathic scoliosis correction were administered 0.