Integration of metabolic flux with hepatic glucagon signaling and gene expression profiles in the conscious dog.

Glucagon rapidly and profoundly stimulates hepatic glucose production (HGP), but for reasons that are unclear, this effect normally wanes after a few hours, despite sustained plasma glucagon levels. This study characterized the time course of glucagon-mediated molecular events and their relevance to metabolic flux in the livers of conscious dogs. Glucagon was either infused into the hepato-portal vein at a sixfold basal rate in the presence of somatostatin and basal insulin, or it was maintained at a basal level in control studies.

Integration of metabolic flux with hepatic glucagon signaling and gene expression profiles in the conscious dog.

Glucagon rapidly and profoundly simulates hepatic glucose production (HGP), but for reasons which are unclear, this effect normally wanes after a few hours, despite sustained plasma glucagon levels. This study characterized the time course and relevance (to metabolic flux) of glucagon mediated molecular events in the livers of conscious dogs. Glucagon was either infused into the hepato-portal vein at a 6-fold basal rate in the presence of somatostatin and basal insulin, or it was maintained at a basal level in control studies.

An Innovative Master in Anatomy: Combining Anatomy With Educational Scholarship.

The purpose of this article is to describe the design of a unique, bilingual (English and French) Master of Applied Sciences (M.Sc.) in Anatomical Sciences Education (ASE) program at a Canadian postsecondary institution.

Racism, structural racism, and the American Association for Anatomy: Initial report from a task force.

In 2021, the American Association for Anatomy (AAA) Board of Directors appointed a Task Force on Structural Racism to understand how the laws, rules, and practices in which the Association formed, developed and continues to exist affect membership and participation. This commentary is the first public report from the Task Force. We focus on African Americans with some comments on Jews and women, noting that all marginalized groups deserve study.

An Analysis of Anatomy Education Before and During Covid-19: May-August 2020.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) created unparalleled challenges to anatomy education. Gross anatomy education has been particularly impacted given the traditional in-person format of didactic instruction and/or laboratory component(s). To assess the changes in gross anatomy lecture and laboratory instruction, assessment, and teaching resources utilized as a result of Covid-19, a survey was distributed to gross anatomy educators through professional associations and listservs.

MEDTalks: a student-driven program to enhance undergraduate student understanding and interest in medical schools in Canada.

Given the lack of programs geared towards educating undergraduate students regarding medical school, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether medical student-driven initiative program, MEDTalks, enhanced undergraduate student understanding of medical school in Canada and stimulated interest in pursuing medicine. The MEDTalks program that ran between January and April 2018 in the University of Ottawa consisted of 5 teaching sessions, each including large-group lectures, small group case-based learning, physical skills tutorials, and anatomy lab demonstrations, to mimic the typical Medical School curriculum. At the end of the program, undergraduate student learners were invited to complete a feedback questionnaire.

Benefits of extracurricular participation in dissection in a prosection-based medical anatomy program.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extracurricular cadaveric dissection program available to medical students at an institution with a modern (time-compressed, student-centered, and prosection-based) approach to medical anatomy education. Quantitative (Likert-style questions) and qualitative data (thematic analysis of open-ended commentary) were collated from a survey of three medical student cohorts who had completed preclerkship. Perceived benefits of dissection included the hands-on learning style and the development of anatomy expertise, while the main barrier that limited participation was the time-intensive nature of dissection.

Comparing alternative and traditional dissemination metrics in medical education.

Context: The impact of academic scholarship has traditionally been measured using citation-based metrics. However, citations may not be the only measure of impact. In recent years, other platforms (e.

Can CanMEDS competencies be developed in medical school anatomy laboratories? A literature review.

Objectives: The purpose of this literature review was to identify potential ways in which undergraduate medical anatomy education may be relevant to the CanMEDS Roles, a competency-based framework used throughout Canadian medical training.

Methods: A scoping review of medical education literature was conducted in March 2017 for English language publications that included key words related to anatomy education and to key competencies formally described for each of the Roles in the CanMEDS 2015 framework. Indicated benefits were then collated, characterized, and synthesized for each CanMEDS Role.

A survey of senior medical students' attitudes and awareness toward teaching and participation in a formal clinical teaching elective: a Canadian perspective.

Background: To prepare for careers in medicine, medical trainees must develop clinical teaching skills. It is unclear if Canadian medical students need or want to develop such skills. We sought to assess Canadian students' perceptions of clinical teaching, and their desire to pursue clinical teaching skills development via a clinical teaching elective (CTE) in their final year of medical school.

MedTalks: developing teaching abilities and experience in undergraduate medical students.

Objectives: According to the CanMEDS' Scholar competency, physicians are expected to facilitate the learning of colleagues, patients and other health professionals. However, most medical students are not provided with formal opportunities to gain teaching experience with objective feedback.

Methods: To address this, the University's Medical Education Interest Group (MEIG) created a pilot teaching program in January 2015 entitled 'MedTalks'.

Advances in medical education and practice: student perceptions of the flipped classroom.

The flipped classroom (FC) approach to teaching has been increasingly employed in undergraduate medical education in recent years. In FC applications, students are first exposed to content via online resources. Subsequent face-to-face class time can then be devoted to student-centered activities that promote active learning.

Student perceptions of independent versus facilitated small group learning approaches to compressed medical anatomy education.

The purpose of this study was to compare student perceptions regarding two, small group learning approaches to compressed (46.5 prosection-based laboratory hours), integrated anatomy education at the University of Ottawa medical program. In the facilitated active learning (FAL) approach, tutors engage students and are expected to enable and balance both active learning and progression through laboratory objectives.

A review of literature on medical students and scholarly research: experiences, attitudes, and outcomes.

Purpose: The aim of medical student research programs is to develop interest in and competencies related to scholarly research within future physicians. Although schools invest in these programs, there is currently no consensus regarding what benefits they confer. The goal of this review is to characterize students' perceptions of research programs during medical school as well as the outcomes attributed to these programs to provide recommendations for their optimization.

How can clinician-educator training programs be optimized to match clinician motivations and concerns?

Background: Several medical schools have implemented programs aimed at supporting clinician-educators with formal mentoring, training, and experience in undergraduate medical teaching. However, consensus program design has yet to be established, and the effectiveness of these programs in terms of producing quality clinician-educator teaching remains unclear. The goal of this study was to review the literature to identify motivations and perceived barriers to clinician-educators, which in turn will improve clinician-educator training programs to better align with clinician-educator needs and concerns.

A review of teaching skills development programmes for medical students.

Context: The CanMEDS role of Scholar requires that medical trainees develop their skills as medical educators. The development of teaching skills in undergraduate medical students is therefore desirable, especially in view of the teaching obligations in residency programmes.

Objectives: The goal of this review was to identify the characteristics and outcomes of programmes designed to develop the teaching skills of undergraduate medical students.

To quiz or not to quiz: Formative tests help detect students at risk of failing the clinical anatomy course.

Through a modified team-based learning (TBL) in the anatomy pre-clerkship curriculum, formative evaluations are utilized in the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine to assess and predict students' outcomes on summative examinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of formative assessments to predict student's performance on summative examinations, during the first two semesters of medical school. Formative assessments included multiple-choice quizzes (MCQ) for each laboratory session and a practical midterm examination (MIDTERM), while the summative assessment corresponded to the final practical examination (FINAL).

Impact of hematopoietic cyclooxygenase-1 deficiency on obesity-linked adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disorders in mice.

Objective: Adipose tissue (AT)-specific inflammation is considered to mediate the pathological consequences of obesity and macrophages are known to activate inflammatory pathways in obese AT. Because cyclooxygenases play a central role in regulating the inflammatory processes, we sought to determine the role of hematopoietic cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in modulating AT inflammation in obesity.

Materials/methods: Bone marrow transplantation was performed to delete COX-1 in hematopoietic cells.

Interaction between the central and peripheral effects of insulin in controlling hepatic glucose metabolism in the conscious dog.

The importance of hypothalamic insulin action to the regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in the presence of a normal liver/brain insulin ratio (3:1) is unknown. Thus, we assessed the role of central insulin action in the response of the liver to normal physiologic hyperinsulinemia over 4 h. Using a pancreatic clamp, hepatic portal vein insulin delivery was increased three- or eightfold in the conscious dog.