Combat and Trajectories of Physical Health Functioning in U.S. Service Members.

Introduction: Previous research has demonstrated that different forms of mental health trajectories can be observed in service members, and that these trajectories are related to combat. However, limited research has examined this phenomenon in relation to physical health. This study aims to determine how combat exposure relates to trajectories of physical health functioning in U.

Association Between Dietary Supplement Use and ICD-9-CM Code Classification in Active Duty US Navy and Marine Corps Service Members.

Introduction: This study is the first to our knowledge to examine associations of survey-reported dietary supplement use with medical record diagnoses, rather than retrospective self-reported supplement use at the time of the medical encounter or case reports of adverse events. Dietary supplement (DS) use and adverse events associations in US Navy and Marine Corps personnel remains unknown. This study assessed associations of DS use in active duty (AD) personnel with ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes from outpatient medical encounters from the Military Health System Data Repository (MDR).

Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Impact on Pandemic H1N1 Vaccine Efficacy.

Background: In 2009, a novel influenza A (pH1N1) was identified, resulting in a pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality. A monovalent pH1N1 vaccine was separately produced in addition to the seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine. Formulation of the seasonal influenza vaccine (injectable trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine [TIV] vs.

A 10-Year Retrospective Review of Nephrolithiasis in the Navy and Navy Pilots.

Purpose: Little is known about the incidence of nephrolithiasis in the United States Navy. Navy pilots must be kidney stone-free and are often referred for treatment of small asymptomatic stones. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of nephrolithiasis and computerized tomography, proportion undergoing treatment and incidence of stone related mishaps in Navy pilots compared with other Navy personnel.

Demographic and Psychosocial Predictors of Early Attrition for Drug Use in U.S. Marines.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine demographic and psychosocial predictors of early attrition for drug use in a cohort of U.S. Marines and the resulting lost person-days.

The taste machine: Sense, subjectivity, and statistics in the California wine world.

This article is about mid-20th-century attempts to turn subjective judgments about the quality and composition of wine into objective knowledge. It focuses on the research of Maynard Amerine at the University of California, Davis, and his project to formalize the procedures of sensory evaluation. Using controlled experimental conditions, Amerine and colleagues transcribed judgments about taste into numbers that could then be aggregated and analyzed statistically.

Prescription Stimulants and PTSD Among U.S. Military Service Members.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent condition among military service members and civilians who have experienced traumatic events. Stimulant use has been postulated to increase the risk of incident PTSD; however, research in this area is lacking. In this study, the association between receipt of prescription stimulants and PTSD was examined in a secondary analysis among active duty U.

In accordance with a "more majestic order". The new math and the nature of mathematics at midcentury.

The "new math" curriculum, one version of which was developed in the 1950s and 1960s by the School Mathematics Study Group under the auspices of the National Science Foundation, occasioned a great deal of controversy among mathematicians. Well before its rejection by parents and teachers, some mathematicians were vocal critics, decrying the new curriculum because of the way it described the practice and history of the discipline. The nature of mathematics, despite the field's triumphs in helping to win World War II and its midcentury promotion as the key to a modern technological society, was surprisingly contested in this period.

Health-related behaviors and effectiveness of trivalent inactivated versus live attenuated influenza vaccine in preventing influenza-like illness among young adults.

Background: Vaccination is the preferred preventive strategy against influenza. Though health behaviors are known to affect immunity and vaccine delivery modes utilize different immune processes, data regarding the preferred influenza vaccine type among adults endorsing specific health-related behaviors (alcohol use, tobacco use, and exercise level) are limited.

Methods: The relative effectiveness of two currently available influenza vaccines were compared for prevention of influenza-like illness during 2 well-matched influenza seasons (2006/2007, 2008/2009) among US military personnel aged 18-49 years.

Melanoma incidence rates in active duty military personnel compared with a population-based registry in the United States, 2000-2007.

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate whether incidence rates of malignant cutaneous melanoma in U.S. Department of Defense active duty military personnel differed from rates in the U.

Trends in new U.S. Marine Corps accessions during the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The objective of this study was to analyze trends in preservice characteristics among Marine Corps recruits during the recent operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Recruits completed a confidential survey during their first week of training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego, California. Demographics, behaviors, and health information were analyzed for trends from 2001 to 2010 using the Cochran-Armitage trend test and F statistic.

Comparison of the effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and live, attenuated influenza vaccine in preventing influenza-like illness among US military service members, 2006-2009.

Background: Influenza is a significant cause of morbidity, and vaccination is the preferred preventive strategy. Data regarding the preferred influenza vaccine type among adults are limited.

Methods: The effectiveness of 2 currently available influenza vaccines LAIV and TIV in preventing influenza-like illness (ILI) was compared among US military members (aged 18-49 years) during 3 consecutive influenza seasons (2006-2009).

The effects of exposure to documented open-air burn pits on respiratory health among deployers of the Millennium Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate respiratory illnesses and potential open-air burn pit exposure among Millennium Cohort participants who deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan.

Methods: Using multivariable logistic regression, newly reported chronic bronchitis or emphysema, newly reported asthma, and self-reported respiratory symptoms and possible burn pit exposure within 2, 3, or 5 miles were examined among Army and Air Force deployers surveyed in 2004 to 2006 and 2007 to 2008 (n = 22,844).

Results: Burn pit exposure within 3 or 5 miles was not associated with respiratory outcomes after statistical adjustment.

Prospective assessment of chronic multisymptom illness reporting possibly associated with open-air burn pit smoke exposure in Iraq.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) and possible exposure to an open-air burn pit at three selected bases among those deployed to operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Methods: Chronic multisymptom illness (reporting at least one symptom in at least two of the following symptom constructs: general fatigue; mood and cognition problems; and musculoskeletal discomfort) was assessed, differentiating by potential burn pit exposure, among deployers who completed 2004 and 2007 Millennium Cohort questionnaires.

Results: More than 21,000 Cohort participants were deployed in support of the current operations, including more than 3000 participants with at least one deployment within a 3-mile radius of a documented burn pit.

Newly reported lupus and rheumatoid arthritis in relation to deployment within proximity to a documented open-air burn pit in Iraq.

Objective: To assess the relationship between possible exposure to smoke from documented open-air burn pits and newly reported lupus and rheumatoid arthritis among Millennium Cohort participants who have deployed in support of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Methods: Prospectively assessed self-reported lupus and rheumatoid arthritis among deployers who completed both 2004-2006 and 2007-2008 questionnaires.

Results: After exclusions, more than 18,000 participants were deployed, including more than 3000 participants deployed within a 3-mile radius of a documented burn pit.

Informational odds ratio: a useful measure of epidemiologic association in environment exposure studies.

The informational odds ratio (IOR) measures the post-exposure odds divided by the pre-exposure odds (ie, information gained after knowing exposure status). A desirable property of an adjusted ratio estimate is collapsibility (ie, the combined crude ratio will not change after adjusting for a variable that is not a confounder). Adjusted traditional odds ratios (TORs) are not collapsible.

Birth outcomes among military personnel after exposure to documented open-air burn pits before and during pregnancy.

Objective: To examine birth outcomes in military women and men with potential exposure to documented open-air burn pits before and during pregnancy.

Methods: Electronic data from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry and the Defense Manpower Data Center were used to examine the prevalence of birth defects and preterm birth among infants of active-duty women and men who were deployed within a 3-mile radius of a documented open-air burn pit before or during pregnancy.

Results: In general, burn pit exposure at various times in relation to pregnancy and for differing durations was not consistently associated with an increase in birth defects or preterm birth in infants of active-duty military personnel.

A prospective study of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis in relation to deployment in support of iraq and afghanistan: the millennium cohort study.

The objective of this study was to prospectively assess the association between deployment in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and newly reported lupus and rheumatoid arthritis while also considering the effects of demographic, behavioral, and occupational characteristics. A total of 77,047 (2001-2003) and 31,110 (2004-2006) participants completed the baseline Millennium Cohort questionnaire and were resurveyed approximately every 3 years. Longitudinal analyses were used to assess the adjusted association between deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan with and without combat exposures and newly reported disease.

The combined influence of oral contraceptives and human papillomavirus virus on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

The vast majority of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) will occur in those with fair complexion, tendency to burn, and high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Organ transplant recipients also are an important population at great risk for CSCC. An association has been reported between oral contraceptive (OC) use, human papillomavirus virus (HPV) and cervical cancer, and there could be a similar association for CSCC.