Ten-Fold Solvent Kinetic Isotope Effect for the Nonradiative Relaxation of the Aqueous Ferrate(VI) Ion.

Hypervalent iron intermediates have been invoked in the catalytic cycles of many metalloproteins, and thus, it is crucial to understand how the coupling between such species and their environment can impact their chemical and physical properties in such contexts. In this work, we take advantage of the solvent kinetic isotope effect (SKIE) to gain insight into the nonradiative deactivation of electronic excited states of the aqueous ferrate(VI) ion. We observe an exceptionally large SKIE of 9.

Photochemical and Photophysical Dynamics of the Aqueous Ferrate(VI) Ion.

Ferrate(VI) has the potential to play a key role in future water supplies. Its salts have been suggested as "green" alternatives to current advanced oxidation and disinfection methods in water treatment, especially when combined with ultraviolet light to stimulate generation of highly oxidizing Fe(V) and Fe(IV) species. However, the nature of these intermediates, the mechanisms by which they form, and their roles in downstream oxidation reactions remain unclear.

Spatial confinement alters the ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics of azobenzenes.

Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy reveals new excited-state dynamics following excitation of -azobenzene (-Az) and several alkyl-substituted -Az derivatives encapsulated in a water-soluble supramolecular host-guest complex. Encapsulation increases the excited-state lifetimes and alters the yields of the → photoisomerization reaction compared with solution. Kinetic modeling of the transient spectra for unsubstituted -Az following nπ* and ππ* excitation reveals steric trapping of excited-state species, as well as an adiabatic excited-state → isomerization pathway for confined molecules that is not observed in solution.

Ultrafast Spectroscopy of [Mn(CO)] Complexes: Tuning the Kinetics of Light-Driven CO Release and Solvent Binding.

Manganese tricarbonyl complexes are promising catalysts for CO reduction, but complexes in this family are often photosensitive and decompose rapidly upon exposure to visible light. In this report, synthetic and photochemical studies probe the initial steps of light-driven speciation for Mn(CO)(bpy)Br complexes bearing a range of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands (bpy, where R = Bu, H, CF, NO). Transient absorption spectroscopy measurements for Mn(CO)(bpy)Br coordination compounds with R = Bu, H, and CF in acetonitrile reveal ultrafast loss of a CO ligand on the femtosecond time scale, followed by solvent coordination on the picosecond time scale.

Ultrafast trans → cis Photoisomerization Dynamics of Alkyl-Substituted Stilbenes in a Supramolecular Capsule.

Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals the effects of confinement on the excited-state photoisomerization dynamics for a series of alkyl-substituted trans-stilbenes encapsulated in the hydrophobic cavity of an aqueous supramolecular organic host-guest complex. Compared with the solvated compounds, encapsulated trans-stilbenes have broader excited-state absorption spectra, excited-state lifetimes that are 3-4 times longer, and photoisomerization quantum yields that are 1.7-6.

Ultrafast Dynamics of Encapsulated Molecules Reveals New Insight on the Photoisomerization Mechanism for Azobenzenes.

Spatial confinement can have a profound impact on the dynamics of chemical reactions, especially for isomerization reactions that involve large-amplitude structural rearrangement of a molecule. This work uses ultrafast spectroscopy to probe the effects of confinement on trans → cis photoisomerization following ππ* excitation of 4-propyl stilbene and 4-propyl azobenzene encapsulated in a supramolecular host-guest complex. Transient absorption spectroscopy of the encapsulated azobenzene derivative reveals the formation of two distinct excited-state species with spectral signatures resembling the cis and trans isomers.