A Behavioral Analysis of Factors That Influence Antibiotic Prescribing in Hospitals: A Metasynthesis of Reviews.

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat driven, in part, by antibiotic overprescription. Behavior change theories are increasingly used to try to modify prescriber behavior. A metasynthesis of 8 reviews was conducted to identify factors influencing antibiotic prescribing for adults in hospital settings and to analyze these factors using 4 behavior change frameworks.

Patient and Family Financial Burden in Cancer: A Focus on Differences across Four Provinces, and Reduced Spending Including Decisions to Forego Care in Canada.

Goal: This study aimed to examine provincial differences in patient spending for cancer care and reductions in household spending including decisions to forego care in Canada.

Methods: Nine-hundred and one patients with cancer, from twenty cancer centers across Canada, completed a self-administered questionnaire (P-SAFE version 7.2.

Impact of Income on Physical Concerns, Help Seeking, and Unmet Needs of Adult Cancer Survivors.

Purpose: Cancer treatment can have consequences for individuals which may have profound impact on daily living. Accessing assistance can be problematic. This study explores associations between income and concerns, help-seeking, and unmet needs related to physical changes following cancer treatment.

Relationship between income and concerns about physical changes and help-seeking by older adult cancer survivors: a secondary analysis.

Objective: Globally, the number of older adults surviving cancer is anticipated to grow rapidly over the next decades. Cancer and its treatment can leave survivors with a myriad of challenges including physical changes which impact independence and quality of life. This project explored the relationship of income level with concerns and help-seeking for physical changes following treatment in older Canadian survivors of cancer.

Societal Perspectives and Real-World Cost-Effectiveness: Expanding the Scope of Health Economics Inquiry.

Economic evaluations of health technologies for cancer are frequently seen in the literature, but not all economic perspectives have the same frequency [...

Clinical Management of Financial Toxicity-Identifying Opportunities through Experiential Insights of Cancer Survivors, Caregivers, and Social Workers.

Perspectives of cancer survivors, caregivers, and social workers as key stakeholders on the clinical management of financial toxicity (FT) are critical to identify opportunities for better FT management. Semi-structured interviews (cancer survivors, caregivers) and a focus group (social workers) were undertaken using purposive sampling at a quaternary public hospital in Australia. People with any cancer diagnosis attending the hospital were eligible.

Linking Intermediate to Final "Real-World" Outcomes: Is Financial Toxicity a Reliable Predictor of Poorer Outcomes in Cancer?

Traditionally, economic evaluations are based on clinical trials with well-defined patient populations that exclude many patient types. By contrast, studies that incorporate general patient populations end up including those in lower income categories, some of whom have significant financial burdens (often described as financial toxicity) related to their care. Consideration of these patient burdens when examining the incremental cost-effectiveness of newer treatments from a clinical trial perspective can result in differing conclusions regarding cost-effectiveness.

Exploring the relationships between income and emotional/practical concerns and help-seeking by older adult cancer survivors: A secondary analysis.

Purpose: The number of older cancer survivors is growing rapidly and expected to double through the next decade. Survivors can face challenges from treatment as well as other co-morbid conditions which may influence quality of living and generate distress. Understanding more about factors influencing whether older cancer survivors receive the help they desire is important for cancer program planning.

Out-of-pocket costs associated with head and neck cancer treatment.

Background: Out-of-pocket costs (OOPC) associated with treatment have significant implications on quality of life and survival in cancer patients. Head and neck cancer patients face unique treatment-related challenges, but to date OOPC have been understudied in this population.

Aims: This study aims to identify and measure OOPC for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in Ontario.

Relationships between Canadian adult cancer survivors' annual household income and emotional/practical concerns, help-seeking and unmet needs.

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship among income and emotional/practical concerns, help-seeking and unmet needs for cancer survivors aged 18 to 64 years one to three years after treatment. A cross-sectional survey was mailed in 2016 to 40,790 survivors randomly selected from 10 Canadian provincial cancer registries. Thirty-three percent responded.

Emerging Understanding About the Impact of Financial Toxicity Related to Cancer: Canadian Perspectives.

Objective: This article offers an overall summary of the current situation concerning cancer-related financial toxicity from the perspective of Canadian patents and survivors. The focus is on describing the financial effects experienced by the patient and survivor and family, which they attribute to the cancer diagnosis, treatment, and other factors that contribute to their financial distress.

Data Sources: The information was drawn from peer-reviewed research literature generated by Canadian researchers regarding out-of-pockets costs, loss of income, and the impact of financial burden over the past 2 decades.

Unequal distribution of financial toxicity among people with cancer and its impact on access to care: a rapid review.

Purpose Of Review: Research demonstrates that patients and their families often carry a good portion of the economic burden during and following cancer treatment, frequently resulting in implications for access to care. This rapid review summarizes how this knowledge has evolved in recent years.

Recent Findings: The number of articles on patient financial burden is increasing, suggesting awareness about the growing impact of economic burden on patients.

Cost-Utility of Group Versus Individual Acupuncture for Cancer-Related Pain Using Quality-Adjusted Life Years in a Noninferiority Trial.

Individual acupuncture (AP) is the gold standard method of AP delivery for cancer-related pain; however, costs can be prohibitive. Group AP allows four to six patients to be treated in a single session. This study sought to examine the cost-utility of group AP compared with individual AP from a patient perspective.

Experiencing financial toxicity associated with cancer in publicly funded healthcare systems: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Purpose: Understanding how patients and families experience, respond to, and cope with the financial burden associated with cancer could assist in identifying future research priorities and developing relevant interventions to assist patients and families facing financial hardship. This systematic review offers a synthesis of the qualitative evidence on cancer-related financial toxicity from the perspective of patients and/or informal caregivers in publicly funded healthcare systems where it might be expected that financial protection would be strongest.

Methods: Articles published between January 1, 2005, and March 7, 2019, describing financial burden experienced by cancer patients and/or informal caregivers were identified using OVID MEDLINE Embase and PsychInfo, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, and EconLit databases.

Patient and family financial burden associated with cancer treatment in Canada: a national study.

Goal: To determine patient-reported financial and family burden associated with treatment of cancer in the previous 28 days across Canada.

Methods: A self-administered questionnaire (P-SAFE v7.2.

Cancer patients' perspectives on financial burden in a universal healthcare system: Analysis of qualitative data from participants from 20 provincial cancer centers in Canada.

Objective: To seek understanding of financial burden from the perspective of cancer patients, in a largely publicly funded health care system, about the impacts of financial hardship on their lives.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive analysis was completed for comments written in response to an open-ended, free-text item on a pan-Canadian survey about costs incurred during cancer treatment and follow-up and the impact of financial difficulties.

Results: A total 378 of the 901 survey respondents provided comments about their financial situations during cancer treatment.

Financial toxicity associated with a cancer diagnosis in publicly funded healthcare countries: a systematic review.

Purpose: Financial toxicity related to cancer diagnosis and treatment is a common issue in developed countries. We seek to systematically summarize the extent of the issue in very high development index countries with publicly funded healthcare.

Methods: We identified articles published Jan 1, 2005, to March 7, 2019, describing financial burden/toxicity experienced by cancer patients and/or informal caregivers using OVID Medline Embase and PsychInfo, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, and EconLit databases.

Adverse Drug Reactions in Canada (2009-2018): Insights from the Canada Vigilance Database.

Annually, thousands of individuals die and tens of thousands are hospitalized in association with suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in Canada. We analyzed the reports from the Canada Vigilance Adverse Reaction online database and present a synopsis of the state of ADRs in Canada between 2009 and 2018. Our synopsis includes both cross-sectional and longitudinal insights into ADR demographics, outcomes, associated drugs and disease indications.

When are Pharmaceuticals Priced Fairly? An Alternative Risk-Sharing Model for Pharmaceutical Pricing.

The most common solutions to the problem of high pharmaceutical prices have taken the form of regulations, price negotiations, or changes in drug coverage by insurers. These measures for the most part transfer the burden of drug expenditures between pharmaceutical companies and payers or between payers. The aim of this study is to propose an alternative model for the relationship between the main stakeholders (the pharmaceutical companies, third party payers, and the public) involved in the price setting and purchasing of pharmaceuticals, one that encourages a more cooperative approach.

Elective Repeat Caesarean Section in Low-Risk Women-Economic Evaluation Comparing Births Before vs. After 39 Weeks Gestation in Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: To undertake an economic analysis of repeat Caesarean births in low-risk women (LRW) not in labour in Ontario who delivered at 37-38 weeks (<39 weeks) vs. 39-40 weeks (≥39 weeks) gestation.

Methods: Data from the Better Outcomes Registry & Network (BORN) Information System for fiscal years 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 meeting the definition for elective repeat CS (ERCS) for LRW between 37 and 40 weeks gestation.

Exploring the impact of out-of-pocket costs on the quality of life of Canadian cancer patients.

Objective: To explore cancer patients' perspective about the impact of financial burden on quality of life.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive approach was utilized. In-depth interview transcripts from 14 survivors were subjected to a thematic analysis.

Design of effective interventions for smoking cessation through financial and non-financial incentives.

Smoking has a tremendous negative impact on the Canadian economy and contributes to growing costs in the healthcare system. Efforts to reduce smoking rates may therefore reduce strain on the healthcare system and free up scarce resources. Academic literature on economic smoking cessation incentives presents a countless variety of interventions that have met with varying degrees of success.

The transition from youth to adult mental health services and the economic impact on youth and their families.

The transition from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) can be challenging for youth, their families, and healthcare providers. The purpose of this study was to identify, summarize, and assess evidence found in scholarly literature regarding the economic impact on youth and their families during the transition from CAMHS to AMHS. Relevant studies were identified through a search of 7 electronic platforms.