Gastrointestinal, Behaviour and Anxiety Outcomes in Autistic Children Following an Open Label, Randomised Pilot Study of Synbiotics vs Synbiotics and Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy.

Alterations of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). DGBI are highly prevalent in autistic children and are associated with worsening behaviour and anxiety. Treatments such as probiotics, prebiotics and gut-directed hypnotherapy (GDH) have shown efficacy in improving gut symptoms in children.

Prematurity, Delivery Method, and Infant Feeding Type Are Not Associated with Paediatric-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Scottish Retrospective Birth Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: The incidence of paediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease [PIBD] continues to rise globally. We aimed to determine whether mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, or type of infant feeding contribute to the development of PIBD in a nationwide cohort of Scottish children.

Methods: All children born in Scotland between 1981 and 2017 were identified using linked health administrative data to determine mode of delivery, gestational age at birth, and type of infant feeding.

Recognising and Treating Complicated Fissuring Perianal Crohn Disease: A South-East Scotland Cohort Study.

Fissuring perianal Crohn disease (CD) is not recognised as a perianal phenotype in Montreal/Paris inflammatory bowel disease classifications; however, can occasionally present as complicated disease with severe perianal pain driving increasingly intensive medical therapy despite well controlled luminal disease. We identified a regional cohort of prospectively acquired incident cases of paediatric CD diagnosed <16 years of age in South-East Scotland over a 19-year period (1999-2018), and conducted a retrospective review of complicated fissuring perianal CD causing severe pain related to anal sphincter complex spasm at defecation. Two hundred forty-seven new cases of paediatric CD were diagnosed with complicated fissuring perianal disease identified in 4 described cases (cumulative incidence 1.

Paediatric Patients (Less Than Age of 17 Years) Account for Less Than 1.5% of All Prevalent Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cases.

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise globally; however, the true proportion of paediatric IBD patients remains unknown. We conducted an all-age, multiparameter, population-based search using capture-recapture methodology to identify all IBD cases to August 31, 2018 within Lothian, a defined health board and the largest of the 3 within South-East Scotland. Individual case note validation was performed for all 24,601 possible IBD cases according to internationally recognised diagnostic and age criteria.

Incidence of Paediatric Stricturing Duodenal Crohn Disease: A 19-Year Population-based Cohort Study.

Objectives: Stricturing duodenal Crohn disease (CD) is a rare but serious presentation of CD causing significant morbidity. We aim to provide the first robust incidence data and case studies on this severe presentation in children.

Methods: A regional cohort of prospectively acquired incident cases of paediatric CD diagnosed <16 years of age in South-East Scotland was captured over a 19-year period (1999-2018).

Mineral Surfaces as Agents of Environmental Proteolysis: Mechanisms and Controls.

We investigated the extent to which contact with mineral surfaces affected the molecular integrity of a model protein, with an emphasis on identifying the mechanisms (hydrolysis, oxidation) and conditions leading to protein alteration. To this end, we studied the ability of four mineral surface archetypes (negatively charged, positively charged, neutral, redox-active) to abiotically fragment a well-characterized protein (GB1) as a function of pH and contact time. GB1 was exposed to the soil minerals montmorillonite, goethite, kaolinite, and birnessite at pH 5 and pH 7 for 1, 8, 24, and 168 h and the supernatant was screened for peptide fragments using Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Utility of proactive infliximab levels in paediatric Crohn's disease.

Objective: Infliximab (IFX) has an established role in Crohn's disease (CD), with serum trough levels of IFX (TLI) increasingly used to optimise dosing. We report the utility of routine, proactive TLI in children on combination therapy with immunosuppression (IS) from a single paediatric centre.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of all children with CD receiving IFX therapy conducted betweenJanuary 2014-May 2017.

Comparing swallowing of capsule to endoscopic placement of capsule endoscopy in children.

Background And Aim: Capsule endoscopy (CE) offers a method of directly visualizing areas of the small bowel not accessible by conventional endoscopy. Some children are unable to swallow the capsule requiring endoscopic placement under general anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to identify any differences between children requiring endoscopic placement and those able to swallow the capsule.