Assessing the influence of urban greenness and green stormwater infrastructure on hydrology from satellite remote sensing.

Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), which includes features like rain gardens, constructed wetlands, or urban tree canopy, is now widely recognized as a means to reduce urban runoff impacts and meet municipal water quality permit requirements. Many co-benefits of GSI are related to increased vegetative cover, which can be measured with satellite imagery via spectral indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In urban landscapes, there remain critical gaps in understanding how urban greenness and GSI influence hydrology.

To collar or not to collar. Views of pre-hospital emergency care providers on immobilisation without cervical collars: a focus group study.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a rare event, with high numbers of patients unnecessarily immobilised with no potential benefit based on limited evidence from the 1950s and 1960s. Contemporary opinion now challenges the notion that traditional immobilisation prevents movement and protects the spine. Current literature suggests that these methods which include semi-rigid collars can potentially cause more movement of the spine and harm the patient.

The Impacts of Residential Segregation on Obesity.

Background: This study examined the association between residential segregation and obesity for Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. This study considered 3 dimensions of residential segregation, isolation, dissimilarity, and concentration.

Methods: By combining individual-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and county-level data from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, the total sample size was 204,610 respondents (160,213 Whites, 21,865 African Americans, 18,027 Hispanics, and 4505 Asians) from 205 counties in the United States.

Food waste and the food-energy-water nexus: A review of food waste management alternatives.

Throughout the world, much food produced is wasted. The resource impact of producing wasted food is substantial; however, little is known about the energy and water consumed in managing food waste after it has been disposed. Herein, we characterize food waste within the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus and parse the differential FEW effects of producing uneaten food and managing food loss and waste.

Sleep-dependent reductions in reality-monitoring errors arise from more conservative decision criteria.

Reality-monitoring errors occur when internally generated thoughts are remembered as external occurrences. We hypothesized that sleep-dependent memory consolidation could reduce them by strengthening connections between items and their contexts during an afternoon nap. Participants viewed words and imagined their referents.

Reynolds-number dependence of the longitudinal dispersion in turbulent pipe flow.

In Taylor's theory, the longitudinal dispersion in turbulent pipe flows approaches, on long time scales, a diffusive behavior with a constant diffusivity K_{L}, which depends empirically on the Reynolds number Re. We show that the dependence on Re can be determined from the turbulent energy spectrum. By using the intimate connection between the friction factor and the longitudinal dispersion in wall-bounded turbulence, we predict different asymptotic scaling laws of K_{L}(Re) depending on the different turbulent cascades in two-dimensional turbulence.

Hydrodynamic shadowing effect during precipitation of dendrites in channel flow.

A supersaturated fluid flowing over a reactive, rough surface leads to complex precipitation patterns. We study the growth and interaction between discrete precipitates along a reactive wall in a nonlaminar channel flow. We show that the competition between advective transport, diffusion, and mixing strongly influences the downstream precipitates morphology and the typical correlation length between different precipitates.

Polar body formation in Spisula oocytes: function of the peripheral aster.

Activated Spisula oocytes proceed through meiotic stages rapidly and in near synchrony, providing an excellent system for analyzing polar body formation. Our previous studies suggested that cortical spreading of the metaphase peripheral aster determines spatial features of the cortical F-actin ring that is generated prior to extrusion of the polar body. We tested this hypothesis by experimentally altering the number and cortical contact patterns of peripheral asters.

Peptides identified through phage display direct immunogenic antigen to dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DC) play a critical role in adaptive immunity by presenting Ag, thereby priming naive T cells. Specific DC-binding peptides were identified using a phage display peptide library. DC-peptides were fused to hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) while preserving DC targeting selectivity and Ag immunogenicity.

Fit of current glenoid component designs: an anatomic cadaver study.

The glenoids of 412 scapula specimens were templated with the use of 6 currently available glenoid systems to determine the goodness of fit for the various designs. When a fitting criterion of a mismatch of less than 2 mm between the template and the actual glenoid periphery for 8 radial locations was used, the various designs fit from 0% to 48% of the glenoids. Because glenoid component fixation longevity can depend on the degree of osseous support, these results indicate that glenoid component design and sizing can be improved.

Putting cancer pain management regimens into practice at home.

The purpose of this study was to describe the difficulties with pain management that patients and family caregivers bring to a nurse's attention during a teaching and coaching intervention. Data were obtained from audiotaped and transcribed interactions between intervention nurses and patients (n = 52) and their family caregivers (n = 33) who were participating in a randomized clinical trial of a nursing intervention called the PRO-SELF Copyright Pain Control Program. Using qualitative content analysis, we found that patients had difficulty in seven areas when they attempted to put a pain management regimen into practice, namely: obtaining the prescribed medication(s), accessing information, tailoring prescribed regimens to meet individual needs, managing side effects, cognitively processing information, managing new or unusual pain, and managing multiple symptoms simultaneously.