Making History in 1 h: How Sex, Aging, Technology, and Elevation Affect the Cycling Hour Record.

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to analyze more than a century of cycling hour records (CHR) to examine the effects of sex, age, and altitude on cycling performance. Our hypotheses were that men's performance (distance) would exceed those of women by more than 10% but would decline at similar rates with aging and that altitude would have a small benefit, which might reach a maximum.

Methods: Data were cultivated from the Facebook World Hour Record Discussion Group's crowd-sourced database of more than 600-known-hour records and verified through extensive online research and/or personal communication.

Racing Demands of Off-Road Triathlon: A Case Study of a National Champion Masters Triathlete.

(1) Background: This report examines the unique demands of off-road triathlon (XT) by presenting physiological, field, and race data from a national champion off-road triathlete using several years of laboratory and field data to detail training and race intensity. (2) Methods: Laboratory and field data were collected when the athlete was at near peak fitness and included oxygen consumption (VO), heart rate (HR), power output (W), and blood lactate (BLC) during cycling and running, while HR, cycling W, and running metrics were obtained from training and race data files over a period of seven years. Intensity was described using % HR max zones (Z) 1 < 75%, 2 = 75-87%, and Zone 3 > 87%, and W.

FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT AND DYNAMIC BALANCE DISPARITIES AMONG VARYING SKILL LEVELS IN GOLFERS.

Background: Sports medicine professionals have instituted easy to use on field screening tests to determine physical readiness and identify athletes who may have increased injury risk. Currently there is little research on fundamental movement and dynamic balance abilities in golfers.

Purpose: To examine differences in fundamental movement patterns and dynamic balance in varying competition levels in golfers.

Metabolic adaptations to endurance training and nutrition strategies influencing performance.

Endurance performance is the result of optimal training targeting cardiovascular, metabolic, and peripheral muscular adaptations and is coupled to effective nutrition strategies via the use of macronutrient manipulations surrounding training and potential supplementation with ergogenic aids. It is important to note that training and nutrition may differ according to the individual needs of the athlete and can markedly impact the physiological response to training. Herein, we discuss various aspects of endurance training adaptations, nutritional strategies and their contributions to towards performance.

Reporting Characteristics in Sports Nutrition.

: To examine data reporting characteristics in sports nutrition. : We examined 236 papers from ten journals published in 2016. The primary outcome was statistical variance associated with treatment (SD (correct) vs.

Comparison of Two Different Sprint Interval Training Work-to-Rest Ratios on Acute Inflammatory Responses.

Background: The study aims to compare how work-to-rest ratio (W:R) influences insulin sensitivity (S) and inflammatory responses following one session of sprint interval training (SIT).

Methods: Thirteen men and two women completed a cross-over comparison of two SIT interventions-Tabata (TAB), 10 × 20-s sprints/10-s rest, and Wingate (WIN), 5 × 30-s sprints with 270-s rest. IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were assessed at baseline, immediately following, and 1 h after SIT, as well as prior to the 24-h post-exercise oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs).

Training response to high-intensity interval training in a 42-year-old man with chronic spinal cord injury.

Objective: To review the outcome of 12 weeks of periodized, high-intensity interval training (HIT) in a man with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: A 42-year-old man (180 cm tall, 68.4 kg and 32.

Prevention of recurrent autonomic dysreflexia: a survey of current practice.

Objective: There is a dearth of literature on the treatment of chronic recurrent autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a well-known complication of spinal cord injury that can have life-threatening implications. This study sought to identify clinical practices regarding the treatment of AD, both acute and recurrent, in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods: Online survey regarding AD management in SCI composed of 11 questions designed to obtain information on respondent characteristics, AD treatment options, and causes of AD.

A report of anticipated benefits of functional electrical stimulation after spinal cord injury.

Background: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been regularly used to offset several negative body composition and metabolic adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the outcomes of many FES trials appear to be controversial and incoherent.

Objective: To document the potential consequences of several factors (e.

Acute effects of locomotor training on neuromuscular and metabolic profile after incomplete spinal cord injury.

Objectives: Locomotor training (LT) enhances walking in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). We tested the acute effects of 4 days of LT using BWSTT combined with Robotic Locomotor therapy compared to BWSTT twice weekly.

Design: Two non-ambulatory participants with an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) D.