Can the Bladder Itself "Measure" Volume, and Thereby Help to Determine When Initiation of Voiding Should Occur? ICI-RS 2024.

Aims: To answer the question of whether the bladder itself can to any extent control or modulate the initiation of voiding.

Methods: This subject was discussed at the International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) 2024 conference in Bristol, UK in a proposal session.

Results: Cells in the bladder wall sense the local environment via a diverse array of ion channels and receptors which together provide input to motor-sensory and signal transduction mechanisms.

What do we really know about the external urethral sphincter?

The external urethral sphincter (EUS), composed of skeletal muscle, along with a smooth muscle-lined internal urethral sphincter (IUS), have crucial roles in maintaining continence during bladder filling and facilitating urine flow during voiding. Disruption of this complex activity has profound consequences on normal lower urinary tract function during the micturition cycle. However, relatively little is known about the normal and pathological functions of these particular muscle types, how activity can be manipulated and regulated and why, for example, loss of EUS function and sarcopenia is associated with ageing.

Impact of healthcare-associated infections within 7-days of acute stroke on health outcomes and risk of care-dependency: a multi-centre registry-based cohort study.

Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in patients admitted with acute conditions remain a major challenge to healthcare services. Here, we assessed the impact of HCAIs acquired within 7-days of acute stroke on indicators of care-quality outcomes and dependency. Data were prospectively collected (2014-2016) from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme for 3309 patients (mean age = 76.

Adreno-Muscarinic Synergy of Contractile Responses From Human Hyperplastic Prostate.

Purpose: Adreno-muscarinic synergy, a supra-additional contractile response to simultaneous application of α-adrenoreceptor and muscarinic receptor agonists, is a feature of several lower urinary tract regions that have dual sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. We tested the hypothesis that synergy is also a feature of prostate tissue obtained from men with benign prostatic enlargement.

Methods: Isolated tissue strips were dissected from prostate 'chips', collected after transurethral prostate resection procedures for in vitro experiments, to measure isometric tension at 36°C.

An orthogeriatric service can reduce prolonged hospital length of stay in hospital for older adults admitted with hip fractures: a monocentric study.

Background: The Blue Book (2005), recommended guidelines for patients care with fragility fractures. Together with introduction of a National Hip Fracture Database Audit and Best Practice Tariff model to financially incentivise hospitals by payment of a supplement for patients whose care satisfied six clinical standards), have improved hip fracture after-care. However, there is a lack of data-driven evidence to support its effectiveness.

Nitric oxide signaling pathways in the normal and pathological bladder: Do they provide new pharmacological pathways?-ICI-RS 2023.

Aims: The nitric oxide (NO•)/soluble guanylate cyclase/cyclic-GMP (cGMP) signaling pathway is ubiquitous and regulates several functions in physiological systems as diverse as the vascular, nervous, and renal systems. However, its roles in determining normal and abnormal lower urinary tract functions are unclear. The aim was to identify potential therapeutic targets associated with this pathway to manage lower urinary tract functional disorders.

Determination of independent risk factors for early healthcare-associated infections acquired after acute stroke admission: A multi-centre registry-based cohort study.

Objective: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in patients admitted with acute conditions pose a serious risk to patients and a major challenge to healthcare services. However, there is a lack of consistency in reporting aetiological risk factors, particularly in acute stroke patients. Here, we determined independent risk factors of two common HCAIs (urinary tract infection and pneumonia) acquired within 7-days of admission after an acute stroke.

Meta-analysis and construction of simple-to-use nomograms for approximating testosterone levels gained from weight loss in obese men.

Background: Obesity-induced hypogonadism, which manifests as erectile dysfunction and a lack of libido, is a less visible and under-recognized obesity-related disorder in men.

Objective: We examined the impact of weight loss on total (TT) and free testosterone (FT) levels, and constructed nomograms to provide an easy-to-use visual aid for clinicians.

Materials And Methods: Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan (v5.

Sex differences in clinical outcomes amongst 1105 patients admitted with hip fractures.

Amongst hip fracture admissions, mortality is higher in men than in women. However, sex differences in other care-quality measures have not been well-documented. We aimed to examine sex differences in mortality as well as a wide range of underlying health indicators and clinical outcomes in adults ≥ 60 year of age admitted with hip fractures from their own homes to a single NHS hospital between April-2009 and June-2019.

Association of Polypharmacy and Anticholinergic Burden with Length of Stay in Hospital Amongst Older Adults Admitted with Hip Fractures: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Age-associated multimorbidity and polypharmacy, predispose individuals to falls and consequent hip fractures. We examined the impact of polypharmacy (≥ 4 drugs daily), including anticholinergic agents, on hospital length of stay (LOS), mobility within 1-day of hip surgery and pressure ulcers in adults ≥ 60 years admitted with hip fractures.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, information on medications at admission was obtained to calculate the total number of drugs taken, including those imposing an anticholinergic burden (ACB).

Adverse stroke outcomes amongst UK ethnic minorities: a multi-centre registry-based cohort study of acute stroke.

Objective: Socioeconomic and health inequalities persist in multicultural western countries. Here, we compared outcomes following an acute stroke amongst ethnic minorities with Caucasian patients.

Methods: Data were prospectively collected (2014-2016) from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme for 3309 patients who were admitted with an acute stroke in four UK hyperacute stroke units.

Evaluation of independent risk factors associated with surgical site infections from caesarean section.

Background: The present study assessed factors associated with the risk of surgical site infections (SSI) after a caesarean section (C-section).

Methods: Data were collected in 1682 women undergoing elective (53.9%) and emergency (46.

Reduction of adverse outcomes from cesarean section by surgical-site infection prevention care bundles in maternity.

Objective: To reduce average surgical-site infection (SSI) rates to less than 7.5%, as well as other complications by incrementally implementing an SSI prevention care bundle in maternity: (1) ChloraPrep; (2) PICO dressings, performing elective cesarean sections in a main theater rather than a labor ward and warming blankets; (3) vaginal cleansing; and (4) Hibiscrub.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, the association between categorical variables was assessed by χ tests, temporal trends in the monthly percentage change of SSI were measured using the Joinpoint Regression Program v4.

Selective reduction of neurotransmitter release by cAMP-dependent pathways in mouse detrusor.

Parasympathetic nerve-mediated contractions of detrusor smooth muscle are generated by ATP and acetylcholine (ACh) release from efferent nerve terminals. In humans, ACh is responsible for detrusor contractions in normal human bladders, whereas ATP has an additional role in overactive bladder pathologies. The ATP metabolite, adenosine, relaxes nerve-mediated contractions, with a potential action via presynaptic adenosine A receptor activation and subsequent suppression of neuronal ATP release.

Cytoplasmic anion/cation imbalances applied across the membrane capacitance may form a significant component of the resting membrane potential of red blood cells.

Electrical aspects of cell function manifest in many ways. The most widely studied is the cell membrane potential, V, but others include the conductance and capacitance of the membrane, the conductance of the enclosed cytoplasm, as well as the charge at the cell surface (an electrical double layer) producing an extracellular electrical potential, the ζ-potential. Empirical relationships have been identified between many of these, but not the mechanisms that link them all.

Identification of preoperative factors and postoperative outcomes in relation to delays in surgery for hip fractures.

We evaluated factors and outcomes associated with elapsed time to surgery (ETTS) in 1,081 men and 2,891 women (mean age 83.5 years ±9.1) undergoing hip fracture surgery (from 2009-2019).

High LACE index scores are associated with disproportionate excess deaths in hospital amongst patients with COVID-19.

Risk factors for COVID-19-related outcomes have been variably reported. We used the standardised LACE index to examine admissions and in-hospital mortality associated with COVID-19. Data were collected in the pre-pandemic period (01-04-2019 to 29-02-2020) from 10,173 patients (47.

Comparison of characteristics, management and outcomes in hospital-onset and community-onset stroke: a multi-centre registry-based cohort study of acute stroke.

Objective: Hospital-onset stroke (HOS) is associated with poorer outcomes than community-onset stroke (COS). Previous studies have variably documented patient characteristics and outcome measures; here, we compare in detail characteristics, management and outcomes of HOS and COS.

Methods: A total of 1656 men (mean age ± SD = 73.

Does the length of stay in hospital affect healthcare outcomes of patients without COVID-19 who were admitted during the pandemic? A retrospective monocentric study.

Uncertainties remain if changes to hospital care during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic had an adverse impact on the care-quality of non-COVID-19 patients. We examined the association of hospital length of stay (LOS) with healthcare quality indicators in patients admitted with general medical conditions (non-COVID-19). In this retrospective monocentric study at a National Health Service hospital (Surrey), data were collected from 1st April 2019 to 31st March 2021, including the pandemic from 1st March 2020.

Frequent identical admission-readmission episodes are associated with increased mortality.

Frequent emergency readmissions may associate with health consequences. We examined the association between readmissions within 28 days of hospital discharge and mortality in 32,270 alive-discharge episodes (18-107 years). Data collected between 1 April 2017 and 31 March 2019 are presented as age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).