Publications by authors named "Christopher Garrett Ballmann"

Article Synopsis
  • * Sixteen male athletes participated in tests under different music conditions, comparing self-selected vs. pre-selected music and fast vs. slow tempos, alongside evaluations of perceived exertion and feelings of motivation.
  • * Results indicated that athletes performed better on agility and kicking tests, and reported higher motivation and lower exertion levels when using fast-paced, self-selected music from preferred genres during their warm-ups.
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This systematic review summarized the studies that examined the pre-task music effects on performance aspects and quantitatively analyzed their outcomes. A systematic search for controlled studies investigating the acute effects of pre-task music on physical performance, cognitive aspects and associated psycho-physiological responses was performed through Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 17 May 2023, with thirty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed using the robust multilevel meta-analysis model of standardized mean difference "SMD" with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and prediction intervals (PI) were reported.

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The effects of caffeine (CAF) and music have been well documented when used separately, but their combined effects are not yet studied. Thus, the present study assessed the acute effects of combining a low dose of CAF with listening to music during warm-up on taekwondo physical performance, perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological responses during taekwondo-specific tasks in male elite athletes. In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study design, male taekwondo athletes (n = 16; age: 18.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A total of 52 athletes (32 elite and 20 sub-elite) participated in a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study, testing their performance under three conditions: caffeine, placebo, and no supplement.
  • * Results revealed that caffeine improved performance significantly in elite athletes compared to sub-elite athletes, with males generally outperforming females across all tests.
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In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of warm-up music preference and loudness on physical performance, perceived exertion (RPE), and enjoyment in young taekwondo athletes. In a crossover counterbalanced design, 20 taekwondo athletes (10 male, 10 female) performed a battery of physical tasks specific to taekwondo under the following five conditions: (a) No music (NM), (b) Preferred music-Soft (60 dB; PMS), (c) Preferred music-Loud (80 dB; PML), (d) Non-preferred music-Soft (60 dB; NPMS), and (e) Non-preferred music-Loud (80 dB; NPML). On each lab visit, participants completed a taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), a10-second kick test (KSKT-10s) and a multiple frequency speed of kick tests (FSKT) within each music condition.

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