Urinary miRNAs Predict Metastasis in Patients With Clinically Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Nephrectomy.

Purpose: Patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) might develop metastasis after surgery with curative intent. We aimed to characterize the expression levels of microRNAs in the urine (UmiRNAs) of patients before and after nephrectomy to determine the impact of UmiRNAs expression in the emergence of metastases.

Methods: We prospectively collected pre- and post-nephrectomy urine samples from 117 patients with clinically localized and locally advanced ccRCC.

Contemporary Patients Have Better Perioperative Outcomes Following Cytoreductive Nephrectomy: A Multi-institutional Analysis of 1272 Consecutive Patients.

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with perioperative outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort of patients treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN).

Methods: Data were analyzed for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with CN at 6 tertiary academic centers from 2005 to 2019. Outcomes included: Clavien-Dindo complications, mortality, length of hospitalization, 30-day readmission rate, and time to systemic therapy.

Cytoreductive Nephrectomy for Patients with Metastatic Sarcomatoid and/or Rhabdoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Therapy.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid (S/R) dedifferentiation is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has shown significant treatment efficacy in this subtype. There remains uncertainly regarding the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) for patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) with S/R who received ICT.

Predictive capacity of a miRNA panel in identifying teratoma in post-chemotherapy consolidation surgeries.

Objectives: To investigate the utility of a novel serum miRNA biomarker panel to distinguish teratoma from nonmalignant necrotic/fibrotic tissues or nonviable tumours in patients with NSGCT undergoing post-chemotherapy consolidation surgery.

Patients And Methods: We prospectively collected pre-surgical serum samples from 22 consecutive testicular NSGCT patients with residual NSGCT after chemotherapy undergoing post-chemotherapy consolidation surgery. We measured serum miRNA expression of four microRNAs (miRNA-375, miRNA-200a-3p, miRNA-200a-5p and miRNA-200b-3p) and compared with pathologic findings at time of surgery.

PET/MR Imaging of a Lung Metastasis Model of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with (2S,4R)-4-[F]Fluoroglutamine.

Purpose: Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Currently, positron emission tomography (PET) reporters are not used clinically to visualize altered glutamine metabolism in ccRCC, which greatly hinders detection, staging, and real-time therapeutic assessment. We sought to determine if (2S,4R)-4-[F]fluoroglutamine ([F]FGln) could be used to interrogate altered glutamine metabolism in ccRCC lesions in the lung.

Very Late Recurrence in Germ Cell Tumor of the Testis: Lessons and Implications.

Background. Very late recurrence (LR), i.e.

Prognostic significance of circulating insulin growth-like factor 1 and insulin growth-like factor binding protein 3 in renal cell carcinoma patients.

Insulin growth-like factor-1 (IGF-1) and its main binding protein insulin growth-like factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) play important roles in cancer development and progression. We hypothesize that circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 may have significant prognostic values in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. We used 1,010 histologically confirmed RCC patients in this case series study to test this hypothesis.

Temporal Trends in Outcomes in Patients With Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Multidisciplinary Referral-center Experience.

Context: Reporting temporal trends in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) helps guide management strategies.

Objective: This work aimed to report the trends in disease burden and clinical outcomes over time that cannot be adequately captured from individual clinical trials.

Methods: A retrospective study was held of ACC patients seen at a referral cancer center between February 1998 and August 2019.

A generative adversarial approach to facilitate archival-quality histopathologic diagnoses from frozen tissue sections.

In clinical diagnostics and research involving histopathology, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is almost universally favored for its superb image quality. However, tissue processing time (>24 h) can slow decision-making. In contrast, fresh frozen (FF) processing (<1 h) can yield rapid information but diagnostic accuracy is suboptimal due to lack of clearing, morphologic deformation and more frequent artifacts.

Association of High-Intensity Exercise with Renal Medullary Carcinoma in Individuals with Sickle Cell Trait: Clinical Observations and Experimental Animal Studies.

Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a lethal malignancy affecting individuals with sickle hemoglobinopathies. Currently, no modifiable risk factors are known. We aimed to determine whether high-intensity exercise is a risk factor for RMC in individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT).

Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine plus doxorubicin in patients with renal medullary carcinoma.

Introduction: Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a rare and lethal renal cell carcinoma characterized by the loss of tumor suppressor SMARCB1. Molecular profiling studies have suggested that RMC cells may be vulnerable to therapies that generate DNA damage, such as the combination of the nucleoside analog gemcitabine, and topoisomerase inhibitor doxorubicin.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with RMC treated with gemcitabine plus doxorubicin at our institution between January 2005 and September 2020.

Tumor diameter response in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma is associated with overall survival.

Objective: Tumor shrinkage of at least 10% after presurgical targeted molecular therapy (TMT) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients has been associated with better overall survival (OS) outcomes. We characterized primary and metastatic tumor diameter response and OS in patients with metastatic clear cell RCC (ccRCC) who received preoperative TMT, immunotherapy, or both followed by deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy (dCN).

Materials And Methods: Patients with metastatic ccRCC (n = 198) who underwent preoperative therapy and dCN from 2005 to 2019 were identified retrospectively.

Adjuvant therapy in patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: post hoc analysis from Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ECOG-ACRIN) E2805.

Objectives: To study the effects of adjuvant therapy in patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) enrolled in the randomised phase III clinical trial E2805.

Patients And Methods: The original trial (E2805) was a randomised, double-blinded phase III clinical trial comparing outcomes in 1943 patients with RCC accrued between 2006 and 2010 and treated with up to 1 year of adjuvant placebo, sunitinib, or sorafenib. The present study analyses the cohort of patients with sRCC that participated in E2805.

Stem Cell Theory of Cancer: Origin of Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity.

In many respects, heterogeneity is one of the most striking revelations and common manifestations of a stem cell origin of cancer. We observe heterogeneity in myriad mixed tumors including testicular, lung, and breast cancers. We recognize heterogeneity in diverse tumor subtypes in prostate and kidney cancers.

Sarcomatoid features and lymph node-positive disease in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The presence of sarcomatoid features and/or lymph node-positive disease may be associated with a worse prognosis in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). We sought to better characterize patients' long-term outcomes with these features compared with those without these features.

Materials And Methods: We identified 300 patients treated for sporadic, unilateral, nonmetastatic ChRCC between 1993 and 2019.

Role of lymph node dissection at the time of open or minimally invasive nephroureterectomy.

Unlike urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, there is no guideline-based consensus on whether a lymph node dissection (LND) should be performed at the time of radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Variable lymphatic drainage based on primary tumor location, lack of prospective trials, and difficulties in developing a risk-adapted approach to LND for UTUC are all challenges to the development of an established approach. The UTUC literature consists of an evidence pool that has historically been limited to single-institution series with heterogenous inclusion criteria for LND and variable LND templates.

Efficacy and Safety of Bevacizumab Plus Erlotinib in Patients with Renal Medullary Carcinoma.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus erlotinib in patients with RMC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with RMC treated with bevacizumab plus erlotinib at our institution.

Results: Ten patients were included in the study.

The current role of cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) continues to be a therapeutic challenge; however, the options for systemic therapy in this setting have exploded over the past 20 years. From the advent of toxic cytokine therapy to the subsequent discovery of targeted therapy (TT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors, the landscape of viable treatment options continues to progress. With the arrival of cytokine therapy, two randomized trials demonstrated a survival benefit for upfront cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) plus interferon therapy and this approach became the standard for surgical candidates.