A Dedicated Research Rotation Increases Orthopaedic Residency Scholarly Activity.

Introduction: Although clinical research has traditionally been a part of orthopaedic residency, there are now certain core requirements created by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), which outline the type of research activities to be completed during residency. However, there are no specific details included in the ACGME guidelines regarding how these milestones are to be met. Nor is there specificity regarding expectations of scholarly activity to be completed by the time of graduation.

Police shootings, violent crime, race and socio-economic factors in municipalities in the United States of America.

Background: Both police shootings and violent crime remain high in the United States of America compared to other developed nations but debates continue about whether race, mental health or other social factors are related to them.

Aims: Our aim was to test relationships between community factors indicative of socio-economic status, racial demographics, police shootings, and violent crime.

Methods: Data on police shootings, violent crime and community sociodemographic factors were drawn from two publicly accessible datasets: health and police records of 100 US municipalities and relationships between them explored using regression analyses.

Unique presentation of an intramuscular abscess caused by in the setting of a cat bite: A case report.

Cat bites are a relatively common emergency department presentation. The most common species isolated from cat bite wounds is . In this case report, we discuss a unique case of an intramuscular abscess caused by .

A framework for future national pediatric pandemic respiratory disease severity triage: The HHS pediatric COVID-19 data challenge.

Introduction: With persistent incidence, incomplete vaccination rates, confounding respiratory illnesses, and few therapeutic interventions available, COVID-19 continues to be a burden on the pediatric population. During a surge, it is difficult for hospitals to direct limited healthcare resources effectively. While the overwhelming majority of pediatric infections are mild, there have been life-threatening exceptions that illuminated the need to proactively identify pediatric patients at risk of severe COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.

Arthrofibrosis in Robotic Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Investigation Into How Robotic Assistance May Contribute to a Tight Knee.

Introduction: Arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to pain and restricted range of motion. Matching native knee kinematics is crucial in avoiding arthrofibrosis postoperatively. However, manual jig-based instruments have demonstrated variability and inaccuracy during primary TKA.

The use of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is a global health problem affecting millions of people each year. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of lung cancer with various conventional treatment available in the clinic. Application of these treatments alone often results in high rates of cancer reoccurrence and metastasis.

26-year-old woman • nausea and vomiting • currently breastfeeding • ketogenic diet • Dx?

► Nausea and vomiting ► currently breastfeeding ►ketogenic diet.

Cefadroxil-Induced Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Perioperative infection prophylaxis is a fundamental element of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There has been a recent trend toward the use of extended postoperative oral antibiotics in high-risk patients. We describe a case report of a patient who underwent a primary TKA and subsequently developed  colitis after an extended course of postoperative prophylactic oral cefadroxil.

Effect of Hypoxia Preconditioning on the Regenerative Capacity of Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Model of Renal Artery Stenosis.

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is associated with irreversible parenchymal renal disease and regenerative stem cell therapies may improve renal outcomes. Hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) may improve the regenerative functions of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSC) by affecting DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) marks in angiogenic genes. Here, we investigated using a porcine ARAS model, whether growth of ARAS AMSCs in hypoxia (Hx) versus normoxia (Nx) would enhance renal tissue repair, and comprehensively analyze how HPC modifies DNA hydroxymethylation compared to untreated ARAS and healthy/normal pigs (n=5 each).

Efficacy of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Compared to Adipose Tissue-Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Repair of Murine Post-Stenotic Kidneys.

Clinical translation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy has been impeded by the heterogenous nature and limited replicative potential of adult-derived MSCs. Human embryonic stem cell-derived MSCs (hESC-MSCs) that differentiate from immortal cell lines are phenotypically uniform and have shown promise in-vitro and in many disease models. Similarly, adipose tissue-derived MSCs (MSC(AT)) possess potent reparative properties.

Social, health and ethnicity correlates of complaints of excessive police force.

Background: Following several high-profile police shootings of Black Americans, renewed debate has focused on race as a predictor of police violence. Past research has been inconsistent on this score. Some scholars argue that socioeconomic issues are better predictors of police-related violence than are race and ethnicity.

Human Obesity Attenuates Cardioprotection Conferred by Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells.

To explore the impact of obesity on reparative potency of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (A-MSC) in hypertensive cardiomyopathy, A-MSC were harvested from subcutaneous fat of obese and age-matched non-obese human subjects during bariatric or kidney donation surgeries, and then injected into mice 2 weeks after inducing renovascular hypertension (RVH) or sham surgery. Two weeks later, left ventricular (LV) function and deformation were estimated in vivo by micro-magnetic resonance imaging and myocardial damage ex vivo. Blood pressure and myocardial wall thickening were elevated in RVH + Vehicle and normalized only by lean-A-MSC.

Microvascular remodeling and altered angiogenic signaling in human kidneys distal to occlusive atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis.

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of chronic kidney disease and secondary hypertension. In animal models, renal ischemia leads to downregulation of growth factor expression and loss of intrarenal microcirculation. However, little is known about the sequelae of large-vessel occlusive disease on the microcirculation within human kidneys.

Pathological gaming: a longitudinal study from the perspectives of mental health problems and social stress model.

Debates about pathological gaming continues in the wake of the World Health Organization's (WHO) decision to establish a gaming disorder diagnosis. Questions persist whether gaming disorder is best conceived as a stand-alone psychiatric disorder, or whether it heralds or accompanies other, more established conditions, such as depression or ADHD. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of 3,034 youth from Singapore.

Effects of obesity on reparative function of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on ischemic murine kidneys.

Introduction: Obesity is a health burden that impairs cellular processes. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are endowed with reparative properties and can ameliorate renal injury. Obesity impairs human MSC function in-vitro, but its effect on their in-vivo reparative potency remains unknown.

Early Superior Clinical Outcomes in Robotic-Assisted TKA Compared to Conventional TKA in the Same Patient: A Comparative Analysis.

Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) has demonstrated improved alignment and outcome scores when compared with manual total knee arthroplasty (M-TKA); however, few studies compare differences in the same patient. This study is a retrospective review that assesses clinical outcomes of 36 patients who underwent a primary RA-TKA and had undergone a prior contralateral M-TKA. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon at the same institution.

Improving Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury Rates Following Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: Perioperative hip and knee arthroplasty complications remain a significant clinical and financial burden. Our institution has shifted to developing protocols to decrease these perioperative complications. This study focuses on acute kidney injury (AKI) rate status post primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

Reliable Assessment of Swine Renal Fibrosis Using Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging.

Objectives: Quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) is useful for measurement of murine renal fibrosis at high and ultrahigh field strengths. However, its utility at clinical field strengths and in human-like kidneys remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that qMT would successfully detect fibrosis in swine kidneys with unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS) at 3.

Prosocial Video Game Content, Empathy and Cognitive Ability in a Large Sample of Youth.

Whether playing video games with prosocial content has an influence on empathy among players remains contentious in the research literature. Some evidence suggests playing cooperatively with other gamers enhances empathy, but data have not conclusively linked prosocial content with empathy. Further, mechanisms of this potential relationship are unclear, and little work has been conducted on how cognitive skills, such as fluid reasoning, may mediate this relationship.

Renal Revascularization Attenuates Myocardial Mitochondrial Damage and Improves Diastolic Function in Pigs with Metabolic Syndrome and Renovascular Hypertension.

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) may improve cardiac function in renovascular hypertension (RVH), but its effect on the biological mechanisms implicated in cardiac damage remains unknown. We hypothesized that restoration of kidney function by PTRA ameliorates myocardial mitochondrial damage and preserves cardiac function in pigs with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and RVH. Pigs were studied after 16 weeks of MetS+RVH, MetS+RVH treated 4 weeks earlier with PTRA, and Lean and MetS Sham controls (n=6 each).

Video games, frustration, violence, and virtual reality: Two studies.

The degree to which the content of video games influences aggression continues to be debated in the scholarly literature. The current article includes two studies, one of which replicates one study from Przybylski et al. (2014, J.

Stem Cell Therapy for Microvascular Injury Associated with Ischemic Nephropathy.

Ischemic nephropathy reflects progressive loss of kidney function due to large vessel atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Recent studies indicate that this process is characterized by microvascular rarefaction, increased tissue hypoxia and activation of inflammatory processes of tissue injury. This review summarizes the rationale and application of functional MR imaging to evaluate tissue oxygenation in human subjects that defines the limits of renal adaptation to reduction in blood flow, development of increasingly severe tissue hypoxia and recruitment of inflammatory injury pathways in ischemic nephropathy.

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Elicit Better Preservation of the Intra-Renal Microvasculature Than Renal Revascularization in Pigs with Renovascular Disease.

Background: Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) confers clinical and mortality benefits in select 'high-risk' patients with renovascular disease (RVD). Intra-renal-delivered extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) protect the kidney in experimental RVD, but have not been compared side-by-side to clinically applied interventions, such as PTRA. We hypothesized that MSC-derived EVs can comparably protect the post-stenotic kidney via direct tissue effects.