Code-mixing unveiled: Enhancing the hate speech detection in Arabic dialect tweets using machine learning models.

Technological developments over the past few decades have changed the way people communicate, with platforms like social media and blogs becoming vital channels for international conversation. Even though hate speech is vigorously suppressed on social media, it is still a concern that needs to be constantly recognized and observed. The Arabic language poses particular difficulties in the detection of hate speech, despite the considerable efforts made in this area for English-language social media content.

A systematic literature review of hate speech identification on Arabic Twitter data: research challenges and future directions.

The automatic speech identification in Arabic tweets has generated substantial attention among academics in the fields of text mining and natural language processing (NLP). The quantity of studies done on this subject has experienced significant growth. This study aims to provide an overview of this field by conducting a systematic review of literature that focuses on automatic hate speech identification, particularly in the Arabic language.

Left ventricular hypertrophy in African children infected with HIV/AIDS: a case-control study.

Introduction: left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) measured by echocardiography seen in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency disease (HIV/AIDS) affects the morbidity and mortality. The hemodynamic and metabolic changes in (HIV/AIDS) affect the heart adversely causing hypertrophic remodeling with left ventricular hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with LVH in African children with HIV/AIDS.

Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in children with HIV/AIDS attending a tertiary health Facility in Enugu, Nigeria: a Doppler echocardiographic study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in children with HIV/AIDS.

Method: Echocardiographic studies were carried out in 90 children/adolescents aged 18 months to 14 years. with HIV/AIDS and a healthy control group of 90 age and gender matched.

Clinical depression in children and adolescents with sickle cell anaemia: influencing factors in a resource-limited setting.

Background: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the commonest monogenic haematologic disorder resulting from the inheritance of homozygous mutant haemoglobin genes from both parents. Some factors have been identified as important in explaining the variability in depression in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Information on this is limited in a resource-limited setting like Nigeria.

Multi-feature fusion framework for sarcasm identification on twitter data: A machine learning based approach.

Sarcasm is the main reason behind the faulty classification of tweets. It brings a challenge in natural language processing (NLP) as it hampers the method of finding people's actual sentiment. Various feature engineering techniques are being investigated for the automatic detection of sarcasm.

Snakebite in children in Nigeria: A comparison of the first aid treatment measures with the world health organization's guidelines for management of snakebite in Africa.

Background: Snakebite and envenomation remains a public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010 developed guidelines for the prevention and management of snakebite in Africa.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of first aid treatment among children presenting with snakebite/envenomation with the 2010 WHO guideline for the prevention and clinical management of snakebite in Africa.

Pediatric brain tumor care in a Sub-Saharan setting: current poise of a precariously loaded dice.

Objective: To evaluate the current status of pediatric brain tumor (PBT) care and identify determinants and profiles of survival and school attendance.

Methods: An 8-year institution-based prospective longitudinal study. All cases investigated with neuroimaging and treated were enrolled.

Evaluation of Impact of Perinatal Factors on Time to First Meconium Passage in Nigerian Neonates.

Background: Delayed meconium passage is usually a signal to congenital distal bowel dysfunction. Timing of meconium passage may vary depending on race, sex and several perinatal factors. Understanding the timing and associated perinatal factors in any given population will help in prompt diagnosis and adequate management of cases in that population.

Perception and utilization of insecticide-treated mosquito net among caregivers of children in Abakaliki, Nigeria.

Background: Malaria contributes significantly to under-5 morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan African countries including Nigeria. The rollback malaria (RBM) initiative and millennium developmental goal 6 are the programs targeted at reduction in malaria burden. The target year here is 2015; it would be needful to determine the impact of these programs on lives of at-risk population.

Collagenous gastritis: An unusual cause of generalized oedema in a child.

Collagenous gastritis is an uncommon gastrointestinal disease in children. Its cause remains uncertain. It may present as severe hypoproteinaemia manifesting as generalized oedema.

Impact of zinc on sexual maturation of female sickle cell anemia (SCA) children in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria.

Adolescence is an important developmental period of childhood. Good health and adequate nutrition consisting major food constituents and trace elements like zinc are fundamental for optimal sexual maturation. To determine the relationship between zinc levels and pattern of breast and pubic hair development, as well as menarcheal age of female SCA children aged 6-18 years and their matched controls with hemoglobin genotype AA.

Relationship between Glycemic Levels and Treatment Outcome among Critically Ill Children admitted into Emergency Room in Enugu.

Background: Critically ill children are those in need of immediate attention on arrival to an emergency room. The importance of glycemic level measurement as well as maintaining the patency of the airway, effective breathing and circulation cannot be overemphasied. It has been highlighted that the peak hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia predict poor prognosis, longer lengths of hospital stay and higher mortality.

Epidemiology of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system in children in Enugu, Nigeria: A retrospective study.

Background: Congenital anomalies, including those of the central nervous system (CNS), are among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and fetal loss.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of CNS congenital anomalies in children.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study of children managed with CNS anomalies was undertaken.

Determinants of Noncompliance to Clinic Appointments and Medications among Nigerian Children with Epilepsy: Experience in a Tertiary Health Facility in Enugu, Nigeria.

Purpose. To determine the frequency and determinants of noncompliance to clinic appointment and medication among Nigerian children with epilepsy. Method.

Food taboos and myths in South Eastern Nigeria: The belief and practice of mothers in the region.

Background: Poor nutritional practices especially in pregnancy and early childhood can result in dire consequences in the growth and development of a child.

Methods: This study using purposive sampling enrolled 149 women who had carried at least one pregnancy to term in Enugu south east Nigeria. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess association between avoidance of certain food in pregnancy and selected socio-demographic factors.

Paediatricians' perception about oral healthcare of children in Nigeria.

Background: Majority of the oral diseases in children are preventable. The paediatricians owing to the unique position they occupy in child care are invaluable in achieving standard oral and dental healthcare in children. This study was aimed at assessing the paediatricians' views on basic oral healthcare in children in Nigeria.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Adolescents in Enugu, Nigeria.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of hepatitis B virus infection in adolescents in Enugu-urban.

Methods: A cross-sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted among school children aged 10-18 years. Subjects were selected using multistage sampling.

Bioelectric impedance analysis of body composition of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia in Enugu, Nigeria.

Background: Body composition indices are widely used to evaluate growth and nutrition in children, particularly those with sickle cell anemia (SCA), who are known to have impaired growth, impaired skeletal maturation, and delayed puberty. The current study is aimed at determining the body composition of children with SCA.

Methods: Consecutive selection of SCA children aged 6 to 18 years, who served as subjects and their age and gender matched children with HbAA (controls), selected using multi-stage systematic sampling.

Left-hand dominance in children: Prevalence and maternal stereotypes in a South-east Nigerian city.

The objectives of the study are to estimate the prevalence of left-hand dominance among children of selected mothers in an urban city and to determine the mothers' stereotypes about left-handedness. A cross-sectional study of mothers (N = 222) selected by systematic random sampling was done. The mothers were interviewed with structured questionnaires.

End--users' perception of quality of care of children attending children's outpatients clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku--Ozalla Enugu.

Background: Knowledge of the specific details of end-users actual experiences with health system helps to identify areas for improvement in ways that standardized satisfaction measures are less able to provide in order to save lives, uphold public confidence and trust in healthcare delivery. The aim of the study was to assess the end-users' perception of the quality of clinical services rendered to children attending paediatric out-patient clinics of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku - Ozalla, Enugu.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken using exit point interviewer administered pre-tested/semi-structured questionnaire.

Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea among children younger than 5 years in Enugu, South East, Nigeria.

Background: Severe rotavirus diarrhea in children is a major cause of morbidity globally and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to be responsible for >453,000 deaths in children <5 years of age globally and 232,000 in the African region. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children <5 years of age in Enugu and to support awareness and advocacy efforts for the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Nigeria.

Paracetamol use (and/or misuse) in children in Enugu, South-East, Nigeria.

Background: Paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) is the commonest available analgesic and anti-pyretic. It is readily accessed from pharmacy, patent medicine and provision shops as over the counter drug making it a potential drug of abuse, especially in children. We sought to find its use and/or misuse in children seen at the paediatric outpatient clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu.