Hypertension, its correlates and differences in access to healthcare services by gender among rural Zambian residents: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of hypertension and access to related healthcare services among rural residents of Mumbwa district in Zambia.

Design: Cross-sectional study with probability cluster sampling.

Setting: Rural Zambia.

Dietary habits, body image, and health service access related to cardiovascular diseases in rural Zambia: A qualitative study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia, where cardiovascular diseases account for 8% of the mortality rates. Despite an increasing number of cardiovascular disease-related studies in Zambia, qualitative studies exploring how cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors are understood in the socioeconomic and cultural contexts are still few. This study, therefore, aimed to analyze the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among the local residents of Zambia.

Obesity matters but is not perceived: A cross-sectional study on cardiovascular disease risk factors among a population-based probability sample in rural Zambia.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia, has experienced an increase in overweight and obesity due to rapid lifestyle changes associated with recent economic growth. We explored the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity in rural Zambia. We also investigated the role of self-perception of body weight in weight control given the local socio-cultural context.

Disclosure to HIV-seropositive children in rural Zambia.

Background: Care of children living with HIV comprises various issues, some considered challenging. One of the challenging areas is the serostatus disclosure to HIV-positive children. This study describes the current situation of HIV disclosure among rural children in Zambia and examines the socio-demographic factors promoting disclosure.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the early months of treatment in rural Zambia: influence of demographic characteristics and social surroundings of patients.

Background: Around 70% of those living with HIV in need of treatment accessed antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zambia by 2009. However, sustaining high levels of adherence to ART is a challenge. This study aimed to identify the predictive factors associated with ART adherence during the early months of treatment in rural Zambia.

Social factors affecting ART adherence in rural settings in Zambia.

The purpose of this study was to assess the factors that influence ART adherence arising in rural settings in Zambia. A survey was conducted with face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and written informed consent was obtained at ART sites in Mumbwa District in rural Zambia. The questionnaire included items such as the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, support for adherence, ways to remember when to take ARVs at scheduled times, and the current status of adherence.

Expansion of antiretroviral treatment to rural health centre level by a mobile service in Mumbwa district, Zambia.

Problem: Despite the Government's effort to expand services to district level, it is still hard for people living with HIV to access antiretroviral treatment (ART) in rural Zambia. Strong demands for expanding ART services at the rural health centre level face challenges of resource shortages.

Approach: The Mumbwa district health management team introduced mobile ART services using human resources and technical support from district hospitals, and community involvement at four rural health centres in the first quarter of 2007.

Tuning tetranuclear manganese-oxo core electronic properties: adamantane-shaped complexes synthesized by ligand exchange.

A series of adamantane-shaped [Mn4O6]4+ aggregates has been prepared. Ligand substitution reactions of [Mn4O6(bpea)4](ClO4)4 (1) with tridentate amine and iminodicarboxylate ligands in acetonitrile affords derivative clusters [Mn4O6(tacn)4](ClO4)4 (4), [Mn4O6(bpea)2(dien)2](ClO4)4)(5), [Mn4O6(Medien)4](ClO4)4 (6), [Mn4O6(tach)4](ClO4)4 (7), [Mn4O6(bpea)2(me-ida)2] (8), [Mn4O6(bpea)2(bz-ida)2] (9), [Mn4O6(bpea)2((t)bu-ida)2] (10), and [Mn4O6(bpea)2((c)pent-ida)2] (11) generally on the order of 10 min with retention of core nuclearity and oxidation state. Of these complexes, only 4 had been synthesized previously.

FTIR spectra and normal-mode analysis of a tetranuclear manganese adamantane-like complex in two electrochemically prepared oxidation states: relevance to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II.

The IR spectra and normal-mode analysis of the adamantane-like compound [Mn(4)O(6)(bpea)(4)](n+) (bpea = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylamine) in two oxidation states, Mn(IV)(4) and Mn(III)Mn(IV)(3), that are relevant to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II are presented. Mn-O vibrational modes are identified with isotopic exchange, (16)O-->(18)O, of the mono-micro-oxo bridging atoms in the complex. IR spectra of the Mn(III)Mn(IV)(3) species are obtained by electrochemical reduction of the Mn(IV)(4) species using a spectroelectrochemical cell, based on attenuated total reflection [Visser, H.

Proton NMR Study of Oxo-Bridged Dimanganese(III) Complexes: Solution State Structures and an Isotropic Shift/Magnetic Exchange Correlation.

The (1)H NMR spectra of a series of manganese-oxo aggregates have been examined, and a characteristic signature was found for each complex. For the dimanganese(III,III) complexes [Mn(2)O(OAc)(2)(HB(pz)(3))(2)], [Mn(2)O(OAc)(2)(tacn)(2)](2+), [Mn(2)O(OAc)(2)(H(2)O)(2)(bpy)(2)](2+), and [Mn(2)O(OAc)(2)(bpta)(2)](2+) (HB(pz)(3) = hydrotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate; tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, and bpta = N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-tert-butylamine), the (1)H NMR spectra reveal a resonance associated with acetate, found downfield between 58 and 80 ppm, and a generally well resolved set of terminal ligand resonances which can be divided into two classes: those resonances associated with pyridyl or pyrazolyl ring protons and those of methylene groups. A number of the pyridine ring resonances have been unambiguously assigned by the examination of methyl-substituted derivatives.