Occupational Noise Exposure in the Pediatric Dental Setting.

To evaluate the noise levels recorded in a hospital-based pediatric dental clinic and evaluate the occupational exposure personnel have to potentially hazardous levels of noise. A SoundAdvisor™ Sound Level Meter Model 831C was used to gather 19 days of background sound data (equivalent continuous sound levels, measured as LAeq) in the open bay, quiet room, sedation suite, and operating room settings. A Spartan™ Wireless Noise Dosimeter Model 730 (Larson Davis) was utilized to capture data about personal noise exposure of pediatric dental residents over 81 clinic sessions.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Testing Outcomes From the ValEAR Trial.

Objective: To determine the positivity rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) testing among universal, hearing-targeted CMV testing (HT-cCMV) and delayed targeted dried blood spot (DBS) testing newborn screening programs, and to examine the characteristics of successful HT-cCMV testing programs.

Study Design: Prospective survey of birth hospitals performing early CMV testing.

Setting: Multiple institutions.

Simulation of laryngotracheal reconstruction with 3D-printed models and porcine cadaveric models.

Objectives: Laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) is a complex operation used to treat subglottic stenosis. The use of simulator models is a valuable tool in surgical trainee education, particularly for operations such as LTR that are less common outside high-volume centers. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of the human airway may provide an effective and more accessible alternative to porcine cadaveric models.

Paediatric mandibular distraction: optimizing outcomes.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence surrounding the use of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in children and to highlight recent advances in our knowledge of this subject.

Recent Findings: Distraction osteogenesis of the mandible has gained in popularity since its initial description about 30 years ago. Its efficacy and safety have been well described.

Feeding Performance and Outcomes in Infants With Robin Sequence Undergoing Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis.

To describe perioperative feeding performance in infants with Robin sequence (RS) who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO). A retrospective study of infants that underwent MDO from May 2010 to December 2019. Tertiary pediatric hospital.

Impact of Hospital Characteristics on Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis Outcomes Among Patients With Pierre Robin Sequence Utilizing a National Inpatient Database.

Objectives: This study collected national inpatient data to investigate the impact of hospital specialty and size on patient outcomes following mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO).

Design: Kids' Inpatient Database was used to identify patients less than 12 months of age with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) who underwent MDO in one of the following years: 2006, 2009, and 2012.

Setting: Inpatient database from the United States.

Catalytic Asymmetric Radical-Polar Crossover Hydroalkoxylation.

Asymmetric intramolecular hydrofunctionalization of tertiary allylic alcohols is described. This metal hydride-mediated catalytic radical-polar crossover reaction delivers corresponding epoxides in good to high enantioselectivity and constitutes the first example of asymmetric hydrogen atom transfer-initiated process. A series of modified cobalt salen complexes has proven optimal for achieving good efficiency and asymmetric induction.

Association of Pediatric Patient Demographic Factors and Scar Anatomic Features With Scar Outcomes After Surgical Repair of Cleft Lip.

Importance: Scar outcomes following cleft lip repair are an important component of pediatric patient and family satisfaction and indicate the need for future surgical interventions.

Objective: To assess the association of pediatric patient demographic factors and scar anatomic features with scar outcomes following cleft lip surgical repair.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A case-control study was conducted involving 58 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair of a cleft lip from October 31, 2008, to August 4, 2016, at a tertiary care pediatric specialty hospital.

Congenital Vallecular Cyst as a Cause of Neonatal Stridor and Apnea.

An infant who presents with stridor and apnea constitutes a challenge for emergency physicians in terms of diagnosis and management. Among the rarest of causes for these symptoms, congenital vallecular cysts can cause devastating outcomes if left undiagnosed. Reported here is a case of intermittent episodes of stridor and apnea in a 4-day-old neonate with a previously undiagnosed vallecular cyst.

Hearing loss in children with growth hormone deficiency.

Objective: Although insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been shown to be important for inner-ear development in animal models, little is known about the otologic and audiologic findings of children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, type, and severity of hearing impairment in children with GHD.

Methods: Audiologic, otologic, and demographic data were recorded for children with a diagnosis of GHD in the AudGen database.

Regio- and Stereospecific C- and O-Allylation of Phenols via π-Allyl Pd Complexes Derived from Allylic Ester Carbonates.

Two complementary strategies have been developed for the C- and O-allylation of phenols via a common π-allyl Pd complex. While O-allylation of phenols by this method is a well-recognized reaction of general utility, the associated para-selective C-allylation reaction is still in its infancy. Cationic π-allyl Pd intermediates, derived from allylic ester carbonates and palladium(0) catalyst, were found to undergo the Friedel-Crafts-type para-selective C-allylations with nine different phenols.

PANDAS: A systematic review of treatment options.

Introduction: Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS) is a rare but important condition for pediatric otolaryngologists to recognize. Several treatment options exist including tonsillectomy, antibiotic treatment/prophylaxis, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and psychiatric medications/therapy.

Methods: A systematic review of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases was performed searching for articles that focused exclusively on the aforementioned treatment modalities in the PANDAS population.

Objective Outcomes of Supraglottoplasty for Children With Laryngomalacia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-analysis.

Importance: Surgical intervention is the main treatment alternative for patients with severe laryngomalacia. Supraglottoplasty offers effective treatment results not only for laryngomalacia but also for concurrent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Objective: To quantify the objective outcomes of supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia with OSA via polysomnography data in the pediatric population.

The impact of adenoid size on rate of revision sphincter pharyngoplasty.

Objectives/hypothesis: Determine the impact of adenoid size and prior adenoidectomy on outcomes of sphincter pharyngoplasty.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients 18 years of age or younger, who underwent sphincter pharyngoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) from 2007 to 2012.

Balloon laryngoplasty for pediatric laryngeal stenosis: case series and systematic review.

Objectives/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to systematically review available literature on the outcomes of children treated with balloon laryngoplasty (BLP) as a primary or adjuvant treatment for subglottic or laryngeal stenosis, as well as briefly report on a new series of 60 children treated at the Medical University of South Carolina from 2007 to 2013.

Study Design: Review of published case series and retrospective chart review.

Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed and MEDLINE to identify trials that reported clinical outcomes of BLP in human patients under the age of 18 with subglottic or laryngeal stenosis.

Nasal cavity dimensions in congenital pyriform aperture stenosis.

Objective: To determine the dimensions of the nasal cavity in infants with congenital pyriform aperture stenosis (CPAS).

Study Design: The nasal cavities of seven children with CPAS were identified and were compared to the nasal cavities of 13 neonates (<30 days old) who had received CT scans for other indications.

Methods: The width of the nasal cavities was measured at the pyriform aperture, choana, and at two standardized points along the lateral nasal wall (LW-1 and LW-2) between the pyriform aperture and choana.

Ultrasound characterization of middle ear effusion.

Purpose: To further enhance and assess the ability to characterize middle ear effusion (MEE) using non-invasive ultrasound technology.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective unblinded comparison study. Fifty-six children between the ages of 6 months and 17 years scheduled to undergo bilateral myringotomy with pressure equalization tube placement were enrolled.

Adenoid ciliostimulation in children with chronic otitis media.

Objective: Adenoid hypertrophy and chronic adenoiditis are associated with an increased incidence of chronic otitis media. This study intends to determine the relationship between chronic otitis media and dynamic ciliary beat frequency in children undergoing adenoidectomy.

Study Design: Prospective, controlled study.

A trial of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in the surgical management of sleep-disordered breathing.

Objectives/hypothesis: To determine the reliability and validity of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for patients undergoing surgery for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Study Design: Non-randomized, prospective clinical trial.

Methods: Patients with sleep-disordered breathing were evaluated for multi-level upper airway surgery by awake and drug-induced sleep endoscopy to identify levels and degree of airway collapse.

Cigarette smoke inhibits dynamic ciliary beat frequency in pediatric adenoid explants.

Objective: Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children increases the incidence of upper respiratory infections, chronic sinusitis, and chronic otitis media. This study investigated the effects of ex vivo and in vitro smoke exposure on dynamic ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in pediatric adenoid explants.

Study Design: Blinded and controlled prospective study.

Risk factors for supraglottoplasty failure.

Objective: To review outcomes after supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia and identify risk factors for supraglottoplasty failure.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Postoperative massive tongue edema in craniosynostotic children.

Objective: Although rarely encountered in the clinical setting, massive tongue edema is a known phenomenon that can occur in craniosynostotic children in the postoperative period. In 1998, Kunhert described an encounter with an adolescent patient with Crouzon syndrome who required craniectomy for complications associated with Chairi malformation [1]. Following her procedure she had rapid tongue edema which was felt to be secondary to obstruction of the venous drainage of the tongue.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and postoperative bleeding following adenotonsillectomy in pediatric patients.

Objective: To assess the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on bleeding for pediatric adenotonsillectomy in a retrospective study, based on the common practices at 2 different tertiary care facilities.

Design: A retrospective study.

Setting: Two different tertiary care facilities.