The History of Angina and Its Remedies: COURAGE, ORBITA, and a Path Forward.

The recent publication of the second Objective Randomised Blinded Investigation with optimal medical Therapy of Angioplasty in stable angina trial has renewed debate surrounding the indications and benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in stable angina. The second Objective Randomised Blinded Investigation with optimal medical Therapy of Angioplasty in stable angina results show that PCI improves anginal symptoms in the absence of antianginal medications. Taken together with the first Objective Randomised Blinded Investigation with optimal medical Therapy of Angioplasty in stable angina and Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation trial results, proponents argue that in contrast to current guidance, PCI and aggressive medical therapy are both equally acceptable initial antianginal strategies and subject to patient preference.

Mortality in a cohort of WTC-exposed law-enforcement officers compared to non-WTC law-enforcement officers.

Purpose: World Trade Center (WTC) rescue/recovery workers were exposed to materials hazardous to health. Previous studies found lower than expected mortality among WTC rescue/recovery workers when compared to general populations, possibly due to healthy worker effects, better healthcare access and/or incomparability of the groups. We compared mortality rates in WTC-exposed law enforcement officers (LEOs) with rates in LEOs employed by the Buffalo, NY, Police Department.

Importance of reference group selection in the evaluation of cancer incidence.

Elevated cancer incidence has been reported among World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed responders, with some incidence rate ratios (IRRs) varying over time. This study describes the influence that different reference populations have on relative cancer incidence and temporal trends. Participants from the WTC Combined Rescue/Recovery Cohort (n = 65,691) were observed between 1/1/2002 and 12/31/2015 using data obtained from 13 state cancer registries.

The World Trade Center exposome and health effects in 9/11 rescue and recovery workers.

Background: In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) attack on 11 September 2001, rescue and recovery workers faced hazardous conditions and toxic agents. Prior research linked these exposures to adverse health effects, but mainly examined individual factors, overlooking complex mixture effects.

Methods: This study applies an exposomic approach encompassing the totality of responders' experience, defined as the WTC exposome.

A comparison of two user-friendly methods to identify and support correction of misspelled medications.

Objective: To identify and support correction of misspelled medication names recorded as free text, we compared the relative effectiveness of two user-friendly methods, used without reliance on clinical knowledge.

Methods: Leveraging the SAS® COMPGED function, fuzzy string search programs examined 1.8 million medication records from 183,600 World Trade Center General Responder Cohort monitoring visits conducted in New York and New Jersey between 7/16/2002 and 3/31/2021, producing replicable generalized edit distance scores between the reported and correct spelling.

The World Trade Center Exposome and Health Effects in 9/11 Rescue and Recovery Workers.

In the aftermath of the World Trade Center (WTC) attack, rescue and recovery workers faced hazardous conditions and toxic agents. Prior research linked these exposures to adverse health effects, but mainly examined individual factors, overlooking complex mixture effects. This study applies an exposomic approach encompassing the totality of responders' experience, defined as the WTC exposome.

G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Selectively Enhances β-Arrestin Recruitment to the D Dopamine Receptor through Mechanisms That Are Independent of Receptor Phosphorylation.

The D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) signals through both G proteins and β-arrestins to regulate important physiological processes, such as movement, reward circuitry, emotion, and cognition. β-arrestins are believed to interact with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the phosphorylated C-terminal tail or intracellular loops. GPCR kinases (GRKs) are the primary drivers of GPCR phosphorylation, and for many receptors, receptor phosphorylation is indispensable for β-arrestin recruitment.

Perceived social support and longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in World Trade Center responders.

Purpose: While severely distressing events are known to affect mental health adversely, some survivors develop only short-lived or no psychiatric symptoms in the aftermath of a disaster. In the WTC Health Program General Responder Cohort (WTCHP GRC) we examined whether social support was protective against the development of depression or anxiety symptoms after the 9/11 WTC attacks and explored in a subsample whether trait resilience moderated this relationship.

Methods: We analyzed data from 14,033 traditional and 13,478 non-traditional responders who attended at least three periodic health monitoring visits between 2002 and 2019.

Cancer incidence in World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers by race and ethnicity.

Introduction: It is unclear whether differences in health outcomes by racial and ethnic groups among World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers reflect those of the population of New York State (NYS) or show distinct patterns. We assessed cancer incidence in WTC workers by self-reported race and ethnicity, and compared it to population figures for NYS.

Methods: A total of 61,031 WTC workers enrolled between September 11, 2001 and January 10, 2012 were followed to December 31, 2015.

A 15-year follow-up study of mortality in a pooled cohort of World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers.

Introduction: Hazardous exposures from the World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks have been linked to increased incidence of adverse health conditions, often associated with increased mortality. We assessed mortality in a pooled cohort of WTC rescue/recovery workers over 15 years of follow-up.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed mortality through 2016 in a pooled and deduplicated cohort of WTC rescue/recovery workers from three WTC-exposed cohorts (N = 60,631): the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY); the WTC Health Registry (WTCHR); and the General Responder Cohort (GRC).

Temporal Aspects of the Association between Exposure to the World Trade Center Disaster and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma.

Rescue/recovery workers who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks were exposed to known/suspected carcinogens. Studies have identified a trend toward an elevated risk of cutaneous melanoma in this population; however, few found significant increases. Furthermore, temporal aspects of the association have not been investigated.

Autoimmune conditions in the World Trade Center general responder cohort: A nested case-control and standardized incidence ratio analysis.

Background: The World Trade Center (WTC) general responder cohort (GRC) was exposed to environmental toxins possibly associated with increased risk of developing autoimmune conditions.

Objectives: Two study designs were used to assess incidence and risks of autoimmune conditions in the GRC.

Methods: Three clinically trained professionals established the status of possible GRC cases of autoimmune disorders adhering to diagnostic criteria, supplemented, as needed, by specialists' review of consenting responders' medical records.

Race/ethnic differences in prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders: Results from a population-based, health monitoring cohort.

Objective: This study evaluated race/ethnic differences in the prevalence and correlates of World Trade Center (WTC) related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in WTC responders.

Method: Data were analyzed from a population-based, health monitoring cohort of 15,440 nontraditional (i.e.

Temporal association of prostate cancer incidence with World Trade Center rescue/recovery work.

Background: The World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on 11 September 2001 created a hazardous environment with known and suspected carcinogens. Previous studies have identified an increased risk of prostate cancer in responder cohorts compared with the general male population.

Objectives: To estimate the length of time to prostate cancer among WTC rescue/recovery workers by determining specific time periods during which the risk was significantly elevated.

Cancer Incidence in World Trade Center Rescue and Recovery Workers: 14 Years of Follow-Up.

Background: Statistically significantly increased cancer incidence has been reported from 3 cohorts of World Trade Center (WTC) disaster rescue and recovery workers. We pooled data across these cohorts to address ongoing public concerns regarding cancer risk 14 years after WTC exposure.

Methods: From a combined deduplicated cohort of 69 102 WTC rescue and recovery workers, a sample of 57 402 workers enrolled before 2009 and followed through 2015 was studied.

Cancer survival among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers: A collaborative cohort study.

Background: World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed responders may be eligible to receive no-cost medical monitoring and treatment for certified conditions, including cancer. The survival of responders with cancer has not previously been investigated.

Methods: This study compared the estimated relative survival of WTC-exposed responders who developed cancer while enrolled in two WTC medical monitoring and treatment programs in New York City (WTC-MMTP responders) and WTC-exposed responders not enrolled (WTC-non-MMTP responders) to non-responders from New York State (NYS-non-responders), all restricted to the 11-southernmost NYS counties, where most responders resided.

Impact of healthcare services on thyroid cancer incidence among World Trade Center-exposed rescue and recovery workers.

Background: A recent study of World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed firefighters and emergency medical service workers demonstrated that elevated thyroid cancer incidence may be attributable to frequent medical testing, resulting in the identification of asymptomatic tumors. We expand on that study by comparing the incidence of thyroid cancer among three groups: WTC-exposed rescue/recovery workers enrolled in a New York State (NYS) WTC-medical monitoring and treatment program (MMTP); WTC-exposed rescue/recovery workers not enrolled in an MMTP (non-MMTP); and the NYS population.

Methods: Person-time began on 9/12/2001 or at enrollment in a WTC cohort and ended at death or on 12/31/2015.

Combining Three Cohorts of World Trade Center Rescue/Recovery Workers for Assessing Cancer Incidence and Mortality.

Three cohorts including the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), the World Trade Center Health Registry (WTCHR), and the General Responder Cohort (GRC), each funded by the World Trade Center Health Program have reported associations between WTC-exposures and cancer. Results have generally been consistent with effect estimates for excess incidence for all cancers ranging from 6 to 14% above background rates. Pooling would increase sample size and de-duplicate cases between the cohorts.

Retrospective Assessment of Risk Factors for Head and Neck Cancer Among World Trade Center General Responders.

To assess the reliability of a questionnaire designed to reconstruct risk factors for head and neck cancer relative to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) response and over the lifetime. As part of a nested case-control study, 200 WTC Health Program (WTCHP) General Responder Cohort (GRC) members completed a newly-developed study questionnaire telephone (with a trained interviewer) or online (self-administered). We assessed agreement between measures of tobacco and alcohol use in our questionnaire results and data collected previously during WTCHP-GRC monitoring visits using Cohens Kappa (κ) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for categorical and continuous measures, respectively.

An Assessment of Healthcare Access and Utilization in the World Trade Center Health Program.

Objective: Access to healthcare, a national priority, may be better understood through medical surveillance programs like the World Trade Center Health Program (WTCHP).

Methods: Measures of healthcare access and utilization for 1159 9/11 rescue and recovery workers ("responders") at the Rutgers Clinical Center of Excellence (CCE) were assessed using negative binomial modeling of the Benefits Eligibility Assessment Screening Tool and compared with 174 9/11 responders in the 2017 New York City Community Health Survey (NYCCHS) using z-testing.

Results: Approximately 10.

Cardiovascular disease in the World Trade Center Health Program General Responder Cohort.

Background: Over 90,000 rescue and recovery responders to the September 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks were exposed to toxic materials that can impair cardiac function and increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We examined WTC-related exposures association with annual and cumulative CVD incidence and risk over 17 years in the WTC Health Program (HP) General Responder Cohort (GRC).

Methods: Post 9/11 first occurrence of CVD was assessed in 37,725 responders from self-reported physician diagnosis of, or current treatment for, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and/or congestive heart failure from WTCHP GRC monitoring visits.