A Dynamic Warm-Up Improves Titleist Performance Institute Screen Scores in Adult Golfers.

Context: Guidelines for various movement assessments often instruct clinicians to conduct testing without a warm-up. Warm-ups are commonly performed to increase heart rate, decrease stiffness, and prepare for sport-specific demands. Since athletes typically complete a warm-up prior to sport participation, evaluating biomechanics in this condition may provide a better indication of their bodies' physical capabilities.

Upper extremity neuromuscular function can distinguish between individuals with and without glenohumeral labral repair.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether common measures of neuromuscular function could distinguish injury status indicated by group membership (glenohumeral labral repair, uninjured controls). 16 individuals with glenohumeral labral repair (24.1 ± 5.

Gamified delivery of at-home rehabilitation for individuals with nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To measure the change in pain and disability during and after a 6-week gamified delivery of home exercise compared to a take-home packet.

Materials And Methods: A 6-week at-home exercise protocol included participants randomly allocated to a gamified delivery group or packet group. The exercise protocol included the plank, side plank, foot elevated side plank, dead bug, and bird dog completed until discontinuation.

Ultrasound Biofeedback Increases Abdominal Muscle Activation in Golfers With a History of Low Back Pain.

Objectives: To compare activation ratios of the transverse abdominis (TrA) during an abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) and abdominal obliques during a golf swing, with and without ultrasound biofeedback, and to determine intrarater reliability of these ultrasound thickness measures.

Design: Single-session crossover study.

Setting: Laboratory.

Optimizing normalization methods of the external oblique: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Adequate normalization methodology to establish maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) is needed to compare %MVIC values for core exercise completed until discontinuation. Clinicians can use %MVIC classifications to guide their preventative and rehabilitative exercise interventions.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare %MVIC of the external oblique (EO) between normalization techniques of side-lying lateral trunk flexion and Roman chair lateral trunk flexion.

Neuromuscular function of the shoulder girdle and upper extremity musculature in individuals with a history of glenohumeral labral repair.

The purpose of this study was to compare neuromuscular function in the upper extremity musculature between individuals with glenohumeral labrum repair and uninjured controls. This cross-sectional study examined 16 individuals with a primary, unilateral glenohumeral labral repair (male/female: 13/3, age: 24.1 ± 5.

Gamma Loop Dysfunction as a Possible Neurophysiological Mechanism of Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Context: Quadriceps activation failure has been observed following various pathological conditions in a knee joint such as knee surgery, pain, effusion in knee, and osteoarthritis also could be aging matter. Those patients are unable to attain maximal quadriceps strength for a long period of time although their quadriceps itself is not damaged. This impairment is termed arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI).

Corticomotor function is associated with quadriceps rate of torque development in individuals with ACL surgery.

Impaired corticomotor function arising from altered intracortical and corticospinal pathways are theorized to impede muscle recovery following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, yet functional implications of centrally driven adaptations remain unclear. We aimed to assess relationships between quadriceps corticomotor and neuromechanical function after ACL surgery, and to compare with contralateral and control limbs. 16 individuals after primary, unilateral ACL surgery and 16 sex- and age-matched controls participated.

Central Activation Ratio Is a Reliable Measure for Gluteal Neuromuscular Function.

Context: Central activation ratio (CAR) is a common outcome measure used to quantify gross neuromuscular function of the quadriceps using the superimposed burst technique, yet this outcome measure has not been validated in the gluteal musculature.

Objective: To quantify gluteus medius (GMed) and gluteus maximus (GMax) CAR in a healthy population and evaluate its validity and reliability over a 1-week period.

Design: Descriptive.

Sports Medicine Delivery Models: Legal Risks.

Educational institutions sponsoring competitive athletics may use an athletics model, academic model, or medical model for delivery of sports medicine to student-athletes. Four types of legal risk are considered for these 3 models: litigation, contract, regulatory, and structural. The athletics model presents the greatest legal risk to institutions, whereas the medical model presents the least legal risk.

Therapeutic Interventions for Scapular Kinematics and Disability in Patients With Subacromial Impingement: A Systematic Review.

Context: Impaired scapular kinematics are commonly reported in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Various therapeutic interventions designed to improve scapular kinematics and minimize pain and disability have been described in the literature. However, the short- and long-term benefits of these interventions are unclear.

Association Between the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.

Context:   Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) evaluate how patients describe symptoms as well as level of physical function or quality of life. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index is one of the most common PROs used to assess disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), yet the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) is a single-question instrument that may improve the efficiency associated with the measurement of patient function.

Objective:   To determine the associations between (1) SANE and the physical dysfunction subsection of the WOMAC index (WOMAC) before rehabilitation and after a 4-week therapeutic exercise intervention as well as (2) the percentage change in SANE and WOMAC in people with knee OA after 4 weeks of therapeutic exercise.

Facilitation of Hoffmann reflexes of ankle muscles in prone but not standing positions by focal ankle-joint cooling.

Context: Focal ankle-joint cooling (FAJC) has been shown to increase Hoffmann (H) reflex amplitudes of select leg muscles while subjects lie prone, but it is unknown whether the neurophysiological cooling effects persist in standing.

Objective: To assess the effects of FAJC on H-reflexes of the soleus and fibularis longus during 3 body positions (prone, bipedal, and unipedal stances) in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Design: Crossover.

Quadriceps muscle function after rehabilitation with cryotherapy in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Context: Persistent muscle weakness after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction may be due to underlying activation failure and arthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI). Knee-joint cryotherapy has been shown to improve quadriceps function transiently in those with AMI, thereby providing an opportunity to improve quadriceps muscle activation and strength in patients with a reconstructed ACL.

Objective: To compare quadriceps muscle function in patients with a reconstructed ACL who completed a 2-week intervention including daily cryotherapy (ice bag), daily exercises, or both.

Medial tibiofemoral-joint stiffness in males and females across the lifespan.

Context: Analyzing ligament stiffness between males and females at 3 maturational stages across the lifespan may provide insight into whether changes in ligament behavior with aging may contribute to joint laxity.

Objective: To compare the stiffness of the medial structures of the tibiofemoral joint and the medial collateral ligament to determine if there are differences at 3 distinct ages and between the sexes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Association between quadriceps strength and self-reported physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis.

Purpose/background: Physical inactivity is common in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and has been linked to serious comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between quadriceps strength and self-reported physical activity in patients with radiographically confirmed knee OA. Secondarily, the authors' sought to determine if there were differences in quadriceps strength between knee OA patients with low physical activity (LPA) and knee OA patients with higher physical activity (HPA).

Manual therapy directed at the knee or lumbopelvic region does not influence quadriceps spinal reflex excitability.

Unlabelled: Manual therapies, directed to the knee and lumbopelvic region, have demonstrated the ability to improve neuromuscular quadriceps function in individuals with knee pathology. It remains unknown if manual therapies may alter impaired spinal reflex excitability, thus identifying a potential mechanism in which manual therapy may improve neuromuscular function following knee injury.

Aim: To determine the effect of local and distant mobilisation/manipulation interventions on quadriceps spinal reflex excitability.

Medial Tibiofemoral-Joint Stiffness in Males and Females Across the Lifespan.

Context : Analyzing ligament stiffness between males and females at 3 maturational stages across the lifespan may provide insight into whether changes in ligament behavior with aging may contribute to joint laxity. Objective : To compare the stiffness of the medial structures of the tibiofemoral joint and the medial collateral ligament to determine if there are differences at 3 distinct ages and between the sexes. Design : Cross-sectional study.

Different exercise training interventions and drop-landing biomechanics in high school female athletes.

Context: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in female athletes and are related to poor neuromuscular control. Comprehensive neuromuscular training has been shown to improve biomechanics; however, we do not know which component of neuromuscular training is most responsible for the changes.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of either a 4-week core stability program or plyometric program in altering lower extremity and trunk biomechanics during a drop vertical jump (DVJ).

Altered postural modulation of Hoffmann reflex in the soleus and fibularis longus associated with chronic ankle instability.

Our purpose was to assess Hoffmann (H) reflex modulations of the soleus and fibularis longus in three body positions (prone, bipedal and unipedal stances) in subjects with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). Sixteen subjects with unilateral CAI and 15 healthy controls participated. Maximum H-reflexes and motor (M) waves were recorded bilaterally from the soleus and fibularis longus while subjects lied prone and then stood in quiet bipedal and unipedal stances.

Lumbopelvic joint manipulation and quadriceps activation of people with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Context: Quadriceps weakness and inhibition are impairments associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Lumbopelvic joint manipulation has been shown to improve quadriceps force output and inhibition, but the duration of the effect is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether quadriceps strength and activation are increased and maintained for 1 hour after high-grade or low-grade joint mobilization or manipulation applied at the lumbopelvic region in people with PFPS.