Effects of prior reproductive losses on risk of cardiovascular diseases within six months of a first live birth.

Objective: There is emerging evidence suggesting that pregnancy loss (induced or natural) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This prospective longitudinal study investigates the effect of prior pregnancy losses on CVD risk during the first six months following a first live birth.

Methods: Medicaid claims of 1,002,556 low-income women were examined to identify history of pregnancy losses, CVD, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia prior to first live birth.

A Cohort Study of Mental Health Services Utilization Following a First Pregnancy Abortion or Birth.

Objective: To determine whether exposure to a first pregnancy outcome of induced abortion, compared to a live birth, is associated with an increased risk and likelihood of mental health morbidity.

Materials And Methods: Participants were continuously eligible Medicaid beneficiaries age 16 in 1999, and assigned to either of two cohorts based upon the first pregnancy outcome, abortion (n = 1331) or birth (n = 3517), and followed through to 2015. Outcomes were mental health outpatient visits, inpatient hospital admissions, and hospital days of stay.

The Enduring Association of a First Pregnancy Abortion with Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Introduction: Multiple abortions are consistently associated with adverse health consequences. Prior abortion is a known risk factor for another abortion.

Objective: To determine the persistence of the association of a first-pregnancy abortion with the likelihood of subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

Elevated cardiovascular disease risk in low-income women with a history of pregnancy loss.

Objective: Pregnancy is associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but little is known regarding the association between CVD and specific types of pregnancy losses. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pregnancy loss on the risk of subsequent CVD of any type.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study examines medical records between 1999 and 2014 for Medicaid beneficiaries born after 1982 who lived in a state that funds all reproductive health services, including induced abortion.

A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Emergency Room Utilization Following Mifepristone Chemical and Surgical Abortions, 1999-2015.

Introduction: Existing research on postabortion emergency room visits is sparse and limited by methods which underestimate the incidence of adverse events following abortion. Postabortion emergency room (ER) use since Food and Drug Administration approval of chemical abortion in 2000 can identify trends in the relative morbidity burden of chemical versus surgical procedures.

Objective: To complete the first longitudinal cohort study of postabortion emergency room use following chemical and surgical abortions.

Estimating the Period Prevalence of Mothers Who Have Abortions: A Population Based Study of Inclusive Pregnancy Outcomes.

Introduction: The prevalence of induced abortion among women with children has been estimated indirectly by projections derived from survey research. However, an empirically derived, population-based conclusion on this question is absent from the published literature.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the period prevalence of abortion among all other possible pregnancy outcomes within the reproductive histories of Medicaid-eligible women in the U.

Intervals and Outcomes of First and Second Pregnancies in Low-Income Women: A Record-Linkage Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND The number of pregnancies and interval between pregnancies can have significant impact on a woman's reproductive, psychological, and general health. Exposure to multiple reproductive losses is especially associated with higher rates of negative outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medical records from 1999-2012 for all Medicaid beneficiaries born after 1982 in the 17 states that provide coverage for all reproductive services (N=2 162 600) were examined to identify the timing of subsequent pregnancies and their outcomes within 3 years of a first known pregnancy.

Estimating the Period Prevalence of Publicly Funded Abortion to Space Live Births, 1999 to 2014.

Introduction/objectives: Although a majority of women who have an abortion report having 1 or more children, there is no published research on the number of abortions which occur between live births, after a first child but before the last. The objectives of this research, therefore, were to estimate the period prevalence of an induced abortion separating live births in a population of Medicaid eligible enrollees and to identify the characteristics of enrollees significantly associated with the use of abortion to enable child spacing.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal analysis of the pregnancy outcome sequences of eligible enrollees over age 13 from the 17 states where Medicaid included coverage of all abortions, with at least one identifiable pregnancy outcome between 1999 and 2014.

Effects of Pregnancy Loss on Subsequent Postpartum Mental Health: A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Pregnancy loss, natural or induced, is linked to higher rates of mental health problems, but little is known about its effects during the postpartum period. This study identifies the percentages of women receiving at least one postpartum psychiatric treatment (PPT), defined as any psychiatric treatment (ICD-9 290-316) within six months of their first live birth, relative to their history of pregnancy loss, history of prior mental health treatments, age, and race. The population consists of young women eligible for Medicaid in states that covered all reproductive services between 1999-2012.

Pregnancy Outcome Patterns of Medicaid-Eligible Women, 1999-2014: A National Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: The number and outcomes of pregnancies experienced by a woman are consequential determinants of her health status. However, there is no published research comparing the patterns of subsequent pregnancy outcomes following a live birth, natural fetal loss, or induced abortion.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the characteristic patterns of subsequent pregnancy outcomes evolving from each of three initiating outcome events (birth, induced abortion, natural fetal loss) occurring in a Medicaid population fully insured for all reproductive health services.

Measurement of total hemoglobin reduces red cell transfusion in hospitalized patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a retrospective database analysis.

Introduction: Historically, perioperative hemoglobin monitoring has relied on calculated saturation, using blood gas devices that measure plasma hematocrit (Hct). Co-oximetry, which measures total hemoglobin (tHb), yields a more comprehensive assessment of hemodilution. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of tHb measurement by co-oximetry and Hct, using conductivity with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, length of stay (LOS) and inpatient costs in patients having major cardiac surgery.

Hospital-based inpatient resource utilization associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the US.

Objective: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous class of genetic disorders characterized by development of renal cysts leading to renal failure and end stage renal disease (ESRD). Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) accounts for the majority of PKD cases and is the predominant monogenic cause of ESRD. Limited information on patient characteristics and healthcare resource utilization is available in this population.

A cross-sectional retrospective analysis of the regionalization of complex surgery.

Background: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system has assigned a surgical complexity level to each of its medical centers by specifying requirements to perform standard, intermediate or complex surgical procedures. No study to similarly describe the patterns of relative surgical complexity among a population of United States (U.S) civilian hospitals has been completed.

Measuring Adverse Events in Hospitalized Patients: An Administrative Method for Measuring Harm.

Context: Current methods for tracking harm either require costly full manual chart review (FMCR) or rely on proxy methods that have questionable accuracy. We propose an administrative measure of harm detection that uses electronically captured data.

Objective: Determine the level of agreement on harm event occurrence when harm is detected based on an administrative harm measurement tool (AHMT) compared with FMCR.

Evaluation of clinical outcomes with alvimopan in clinical practice: a national matched-cohort study in patients undergoing bowel resection.

Objective: To evaluate in-hospital clinical outcomes after open and laparoscopic bowel resection (BR) with or without alvimopan treatment.

Background: Delayed return of gastrointestinal function after BR may be associated with greater postoperative morbidity and increased hospital length of stay (LOS). In clinical trials, alvimopan--a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist--accelerated gastrointestinal recovery after open BR.

Cost and resource utilization associated with fluconazole as first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis: a retrospective database analysis.

Background: Fluconazole is a standard first-line therapy for candidemia/invasive candidiasis (C/IC), based on its efficacy, safety profile, and comparatively low acquisition cost. However, little is known about the total costs associated with fluconazole treatment for this indication, particularly in cases of clinical failure.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine overall costs, resource use, and treatment outcomes associated with fluconazole as first-line therapy for invasive Candida infections in the United States.