An adapted transdiagnostic sleep and circadian intervention for adults with excess weight and suboptimal sleep health: pilot study results.

Study Objectives: This single-arm, mixed-methods, pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an adapted version of the transdiagnostic intervention for sleep and circadian dysfunction (TranS-C) on multidimensional sleep health (MDSH) in a sample of adults with excess weight and suboptimal sleep health.

Methods: Participants received up to eight, weekly, remotely delivered, tailored TranS-C sessions. At pre- and post-intervention, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and 7 days of Fitbit data were used to evaluate changes in sleep dimensions (regularity, alertness, timing, satisfaction, duration, and efficiency) and the composite MDSH score.

Association of comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in sleep medicine center patients.

Objectives: To investigate the association between comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia and major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, and stroke, in adults with suspected sleep disorders who underwent sleep apnea testing.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records data from patients with clinical encounters at sleep medicine centers to identify patients with comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea only, insomnia only, and patients without a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea or insomnia (i.e.

Wake-up Call: Night Shifts Adversely Affect Nurse Health and Retention, Patient and Public Safety, and Costs.

The purpose of this mini review is to (1) summarize the findings on the impact of night shift on nurses' health and wellness, patient and public safety, and implications on organizational costs and (2) provide strategies to promote night shift nurses' health and improve organizational costs. The night shift, compared with day shift, results in poorer physical and mental health through its adverse effects on sleep, circadian rhythms, and dietary and beverage consumption, along with impaired cognitive function that increases nurse errors. Nurse administrators and health care organizations have opportunities to improve nurse and patient safety on night shifts.

Impact of lifestyle-based interventions on absolute cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective of the review was to synthesize the evidence of the effectiveness of lifestyle-based interventions for mitigating absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Introduction: Evidence-based guidelines recommend employing an absolute CVD risk score to inform the selection and intensity of preventive interventions. However, studies employing this strategy have reported mixed results, hence the need for a systematic review of the current evidence.

Examining Nurses' Perception of Shift Work and Evaluating Supportive Interventions.

Background: Health care requires a delicate equilibrium of nurse health safety and patient safety outcomes. Shift work can disrupt this balance, resulting in poor outcomes for staff and patients.

Problem: Limited evidence exists on nurses' perceptions of shift work, fatigue countermeasures use, and interest in risk-mitigating interventions.

Design of Lung Transplant Go (LTGO): A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a telerehabilitation behavioral exercise intervention to improve physical activity, physical function, and blood pressure control after lung transplantation.

Background: Lung transplantation is an established treatment option for persons with advanced lung disease. After transplantation, lung function typically returns to near normal levels, however exercise capacity remains low due to chronic deconditioning, limited physical function, and inactive lifestyles which undermine the intended benefits of the highly selective, resource-intensive transplant procedure. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended to improve fitness and activity tolerance, however due to multiple barriers, lung transplant recipients either never participate, or fail to complete, pulmonary rehabilitation programs.

Examining reactivity to intensive longitudinal ecological momentary assessment: 12-month prospective study.

Purpose: To examine the association between intensive, longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and self-reported eating behaviors.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the EMPOWER study-a 12-month observational study that examined the microprocesses of relapse following intentional weight loss using smartphone-administered EMA-was conducted. Participants were asked to complete four types of EMA surveys using a mobile app.

Risk stratification by sex and menopausal status in the multivariable apnea prediction index.

Study Objectives: To determine the sensitivity of the Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) index for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pre- and post-menopausal women with the goal of developing a tailored scoring classification approach.

Methods: Data from two studies (N = 386); the diabetes sleep treatment trial (N = 236) and EMPOWER (N = 150) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the MAP index by comparing men (n = 129) to women (n = 257), and premenopausal (n = 100) to post-menopausal women (n = 136). We evaluated participants at two cut points, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values of ≥ 5 and ≥ 10, using 0.

Shift work organization on nurse injuries: A scoping review.

Background: Extended work hours and shift work can result in mistimed sleep, excessive sleepiness, and fatigue, which affects concentration and cognition. Impaired concentration and cognition negatively affect employee safety.

Objective: To examine the evidence of the impact of shift work organization, specifically work hours and scheduling, on nurse injuries including needlestick and sharps injuries, drowsy driving and motor vehicle crashes, and work-related accidents causing a near miss or actual injury to the nurse.

Sleep problems and associations with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012).

Study Objectives: The impact of sleep problems (ie, sleep duration and presence of sleep disorders) on cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality in adults with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) is unknown.

Methods: Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (2007-2012 cycles) and National Death Index data, we identified 398 persons with ACO. Data on self-reported physician-diagnosed sleep disorders and cardiovascular disease were collected.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk Is Associated With Severity of Metabolic Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis of the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. The co-occurrence of OSA with MetS is common, but there are limited data on how OSA risk exacerbates the metabolic impairments present in MetS. The purpose of this analysis was to examine in a representative sample of participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018 cohorts (1) the association of modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors with OSA risk and MetS severity and (2) the influence of OSA risk and lifestyle behaviors on MetS severity.

Financial Hardship and its Associations with Perceived Sleep Quality in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore social determinants of health (SDoH), and disease severity as predictors of sleep quality in persons with both Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Disease severity was measured by Apnea-Hypopnea Index [(AHI) ≥ 5] and HbA1c for glycemic control. SDoH included subjective and objective financial hardship, race, sex, marital status, education, and age.

CE: Nurses Are More Exhausted Than Ever: What Should We Do About It?

For nurses, the challenges posed by demanding work environments and schedules often lead to fatigue, and this can be exacerbated during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, the authors discuss causes and challenges of nurse fatigue and consider several evidence-based strategies and solutions for individual nurses and organizations. Barriers to implementation, including a negative workplace culture and inadequate staffing, are also described, and several resources are presented.

Nightly Variation in Sleep Influences Self-efficacy for Adhering to a Healthy Lifestyle: A Prospective Study.

Background: Self-efficacy, or the perceived capability to engage in a behavior, has been shown to play an important role in adhering to weight loss treatment. Given that adherence is extremely important for successful weight loss outcomes and that sleep and self-efficacy are modifiable factors in this relationship, we examined the association between sleep and self-efficacy for adhering to the daily plan. Investigators examined whether various dimensions of sleep were associated with self-efficacy for adhering to the daily recommended lifestyle plan among participants (N = 150) in a 12-month weight loss study.

Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to the clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, including central adiposity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. During the past 20 years, there have been parallel and epidemic increases in MetS and impaired sleep. This article describes evidence on the association between MetS and short sleep duration, circadian misalignment, insomnia, and sleep apnea.

Considerations for assessing physical function and physical activity in clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the conduct of clinical trials. For studies with physical function and physical activity outcomes that require in-person participation, thoughtful approaches in transitioning to the remote research environment are critical. Here, we share our experiences in transitioning from in-person to remote assessments of physical function and activity during the pandemic and highlight key considerations for success.

Bidirectional relationship between sleep and sedentary behavior in adults with overweight or obesity: A secondary analysis.

Study Objectives: The relationships between daytime sedentary behavior and that night's sleep and sleep and next day's sedentary behavior are unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to examine these potentially bidirectional associations.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from an ecological momentary assessment study to determine the triggers for dietary lapses during a weight loss intervention.

The association between sleep health and weight change during a 12-month behavioral weight loss intervention.

Background: Prior research on the relationship between sleep and attempted weight loss failed to recognize the multidimensional nature of sleep. We examined the relationship between a composite measure of sleep health and change in weight and body composition among adults in a weight loss intervention.

Methods: Adults (N = 125) with overweight or obesity (50.

Feasible but Not Yet Efficacious: A Scoping Review of Wearable Activity Monitors in Interventions Targeting Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep.

Purpose Of Review: The present review aimed to explore the range and characteristics of interventions that utilize WAM and descriptively summarize the efficacy of these interventions.

Recent Findings: A total of 65 articles (61 studies) were included in this review. Most of the WAM-based interventions (n=58) were designed to improve physical activity (PA).

Citizenship and health insurance status predict glycemic management: NHANES data 2007-2016.

The prevalence of diabetes in United States (US) immigrants is higher than the general population. Non-citizenship and lack of health insurance have been associated with increased health risks including diabetes, but previous US studies were done in non-representative samples and did not examine the effect on glycemic management. The purpose of this study was to compare demographic, metabolic, and behavioral risk factors for increased blood glucose including citizenship and health insurance status, and determine predictors of poor glycemic management (A1C ≥ 8.

A Qualitative Exploration of Patients' Experiences with Lifestyle Changes After Sleeve Gastrectomy in China.

Purpose: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most widely used surgical treatment for severe obesity worldwide. Individuals who have undergone SG usually need to change lifestyle behaviors as a response to the anatomical changes imposed by SG, and patients need to sustain lifestyle changes for long-term surgical success. Little is known about how patients experience and manage lifestyle changes following SG.

DNA methylation changes and improved sleep quality in adults with obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among adults with diabetes. However, little is known about the impact of OSA treatment on DNA methylation levels. The purpose of this study is to explore changes in DNA methylation levels among adults with these conditions enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.

Sleep and Self-Rated Health in an Aging Workforce.

The labor force participation rate for adults aged 55 years and older has increased nearly 10% over the past two and a half decades. As workers age, they frequently experience increased chronic health conditions and impaired sleep, which may negatively influence their self-rated health (SRH) and work performance. This study aimed to examine the associations between nonrestorative sleep (NRS) and work performance (i.

Impact of lifestyle modification on absolute cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of lifestyle-based interventions for reducing absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines recommend tailoring the choice and intensity of preventive interventions based on absolute CVD risk score. Several studies employing lifestyle-based interventions to mitigate CVD risk have reported heterogeneous outcomes, necessitating a systematic review to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence.