A Comparison of Pediatric Prehospital Opioid Encounters and Social Vulnerability.

Objectives: This study explores the relationship between socioeconomic factors and pediatric opioid-related emergencies requiring naloxone administration in the prehospital setting, an escalating public health concern.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) database was conducted, examining data from pediatric opioid-related EMS activations between January 2018 and December 2021. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) was used to gauge each incident's socioeconomic context and assess correlations between SVI scores and the likelihood of opioid-related activations and naloxone interventions.

Adapted Helping Babies Breathe approach to neonatal resuscitation in Haiti: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) is an American Academy of Pediatrics neonatal resuscitation program designed to reduce neonatal mortality in low resource settings. The 2017 neonatal mortality rate in Haiti was 28 per 1000 live births and an estimated 85 % of Haitian women deliver at home. Given this, the Community Health Initiative implemented an adapted HBB (aHBB) in Haiti to evaluate neonatal mortality.

Stump Appendicitis.

Abdominal pain is a frequent problem encountered in the emergency department, and acute appendicitis is a well-recognized diagnosis. Laparoscopic appendectomy has become one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States. Patients with a history of appendectomy may experience recurrent right lower quadrant abdominal pain from an infrequently encountered complication that may occur when the residual appendix becomes obstructed and inflamed.

Close Together, Far Apart: an Assessment of the Public Health Needs of Three Geographically Proximate Communities in Central Haiti.

Haiti, a country marked by extreme poverty and poor health, is also an active site for thousands of non-governmental organizations. The community needs assessment is an important tool that allows aid organizations to understand better community perspectives regarding health. In this study, 84 community members were interviewed across three geographically proximate communities in the Arcahaie region of Haiti to identify similarities and differences in community needs.

Dental care after an emergency department visit for dental problems among adults enrolled in Medicaid.

Background: Dental emergency department (ED) visits are increasing nationally, but EDs provide only palliative care. The authors examine time to subsequent dentist visit within 6 months after the ED visit, as well as the effect of having a dentist visit in the prior year.

Methods: Using 2010-2012 Iowa Medicaid claims data, the authors identified adults with an index dental ED visit.

Parental perceptions of avoidability of their child's emergency department visit.

Objectives: To identify the factors associated with paediatric emergency department (ED) visits and parental perceptions of the avoidability of their child's ED visit.

Design: Cross-sectional study by performing secondary analysis of 2010-2011 Iowa Child and Family Household Health Survey data.

Setting: State-wide representative population-based sample of families with at least one child in the state of Iowa in the USA.

Wilderness medicine race for preclinical students.

Objectives: Introducing medical students to wilderness medicine provides skills in leadership, teamwork, improvisation, and managing medical emergencies; however, wilderness medicine (WM) education is typically reserved for senior medical students and often requires expensive travel. Here, we describe the Winter Wilderness Medicine Race (WWMR). The race was held at a large allopathic medical school and targeted towards preclinical medical students.

Eliminating Medicaid adult dental coverage in California led to increased dental emergency visits and associated costs.

Dental coverage for adults is an elective benefit under Medicaid. As a result of budget constraints, California Medicaid eliminated its comprehensive adult dental coverage in July 2009. We examined the impact of this policy change on emergency department (ED) visits by Medicaid-enrolled adults for dental problems in the period 2006-11.

Smoke exposure among women in Haiti: the case for improved stoves.

Indoor smoke exposure is responsible for two million deaths per year and has been studied globally, but the impacts of exposure have not yet been evaluated in Haiti, the Western hemisphere's poorest nation. This study measures the disproportionate impact of indoor smoke exposure on the women and children of Haiti. We studied 2296 clinic patients in four Haitian villages to determine the extent of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure, using carboxyhemoglobin saturation in the blood as a proxy for overall smoke exposure.

Off-highway vehicle parks: combining environment, knowledge, and enforcement for all-terrain vehicle injury prevention.

The number of off-highway vehicle (OHV) parks continues to grow to meet the recreational needs of ATV enthusiasts and the increasing popularity of the vehicle. Little is known about how OHV park regulations and enforcement affect ATV safety among their users. This study was designed to determine whether there were differences in crash mechanisms and/or compliance with ATV safety laws and regulations when comparing off-road ATV crashes inside and outside state OHV parks.

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) on the road: a serious traffic safety and public health concern.

Objectives: On-road all-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes are frequent occurrences that disproportionately impact rural communities. These crashes occur despite most states having laws restricting on-road ATV use. A number of overall risk factors for ATV-related injuries have been identified (e.

Epidemiology of injuries to wildland firefighters.

Introduction: Wildland fires have significant ecologic and economic impact in the United States. Despite the number of firefighters involved in controlling them, little is known about the injuries that they sustain. We hypothesized that the mechanism of injury would predict injury characteristics and severity of fire-related injuries.

All-terrain vehicle injury prevention: healthcare providers' knowledge, attitudes, and the anticipatory guidance they provide.

All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) continue to be an increasing cause of injuries and deaths in children, especially in rural communities. More children die in the United States each year from ATV-related events than from bicycle crashes. The purpose of this study was to determine the ATV anticipatory guidance practices of primary care providers, as well as their attitudes, knowledge, and the barriers faced in educating families about the risk of ATV use.

A pilot study of the King LT supralaryngeal airway use in a rural Iowa EMS system.

Introduction: In 2003, the King Laryngeal Tube (LT) received FDA approval for US sales. Prehospital systems in urban setting have begun evaluating and adopting the LT for clinical airway management. However, it is not routinely approved by State EMS Boards for use by all prehospital providers.

Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (MEAP): a cardioprotective hormonal opioid.

Background: Acute myocardial ischemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The heart and other organs can be rendered more resistant to the deleterious effects of ischemia through a variety of preconditioning strategies, including treadmill exercise and brief ischemia of skeletal muscle. Some of the beneficial effects of these preconditioning strategies appear to be mediated by as-of-yet unidentified hormonal opioids.