Pediatric and Adult Fracture Incidence: A Decreasing Trend With Increasing Hospital Admissions.

Large-scale studies examining fracture trends and epidemiological data are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of fractures presenting to US emergency departments using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. A total of 7,109,078 pediatric and 13,592,548 adult patients presenting to US emergency departments with a fracture between 2008 and 2017 were analyzed for patterns.

Prediction of Late Dysplasia Based on Ultrasound and Plain X-Ray at 6 Months.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip represents a spectrum of deformity. Residual dysplasia at 2 years of age is associated with an increased risk for osteoarthritis and functional limitations. We compared the prognostic value of 6-month imaging modalities and aimed to identify optimal diagnostic metrics for the prediction of residual dysplasia.

Outcomes of displaced adolescent distal third tibia fractures: can we do better?

Because adolescent distal third tibia fractures pose treatment challenges, we aimed to identify factors predictive of failure among common treatment methods: casting without manipulation, closed reduction and casting (CRC) and open treatment. Among displaced fractures, we compared outcomes between CRC versus open treatment. Skeletally immature individuals (10-17 years) with extra-articular distal third tibia fractures at a level 1 trauma center (2011-2017) were retrospectively reviewed.

Tonnis Angle and Acetabular Retroversion Measurements in Asymptomatic Hips Are Predictive of Future Hip Pain: A Retrospective, Prognostic Clinical Study.

Background: This study evaluated the prevalence of radiographic abnormalities potentially indicative of femoroacetabular impingement on AP pelvic radiographs in asymptomatic adolescents and young adults and aimed to determine whether the abnormalities were predictive of future hip pain.

Methods: AP pelvis images from scoliosis radiographs were obtained from patients 12 to 25 years of age free of any clinical hip/lower extremity symptoms between January 2006 and September 2009. The following radiographic abnormalities were collected: lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg >40° or <25°, Tönnis angle <0° or >10°, acetabular retroversion (crossover sign with a posterior wall sign), acetabular overcoverage (crossover sign without a posterior wall sign), and anterior offset alpha angle, calculated using alpha angle of Nötzli >50°.

Lateral semi-circular canal asymmetry in females with idiopathic scoliosis.

Purpose: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal structural deformity that occurs in otherwise normal individuals. Although curve progression and severity vary amongst individuals, AIS can lead to significant cosmetic and functional deformity. AIS etiology has been determined to be genetic, however, exact genetic and biological processes underlying this disorder remain unknown.

Fassier-Duval Rod Failure: Is It Related to Positioning in the Distal Epiphysis?

Background: The relationship between Fassier-Duval (FD) rod placement and rod failure rates has not previously been quantified.

Methods: Retrospective review was conducted on patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with FD rods between 2005 and 2017. Age at first surgery, sex, Sillence type of osteogenesis imperfecta, bisphosphonate treatment, location of rod (side of body and specific bone), and dates of surgeries, radiographs, and rod failures were collected.

Trends in Trampoline Fractures: 2008-2017.

Objectives: In this study, we aim to evaluate the current trends in pediatric fractures related to trampolines.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for fractures occurring between 2008 and 2017 in individuals aged 0 to 17 years. Sex, anatomic region, locale of injury, admission status, and year of injury were recorded.

Fassier-Duval Rods are Associated With Superior Probability of Survival Compared With Static Implants in a Cohort of Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Deformities.

Background: The survival of Fassier-Duval (FD) telescoping rods as compared with static implants in children affected by osteogenesis imperfecta is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to compare risk of lower extremity implant failure in FD rods versus static implants.

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from patients with osteogenesis imperfecta who underwent surgical treatment using either FD rods or static implants (Rush rods, flexible nails, or Steinmann pins) between 1995 and 2015.

Complications, Results, and Risk Factors of Spinal Fusion in Patients With Myelomeningocele.

Study Design: Retrospective prognostic study.

Objective: The purpose of this study assess was to assess the results of spinal fusion and identify factors associated with the development of post-spinal fusion infections in patients with myelomeningocele.

Background: Surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to myelomeningocele is known to be associated with a high complication rate.

Preimmunization with a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae enhances fear extinction in the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.

The hygiene hypothesis or "Old Friends" hypothesis proposes that inflammatory diseases are increasing in modern urban societies, due in part to reduced exposure to microorganisms that drive immunoregulatory circuits, and a failure to terminate inappropriate inflammatory responses. Inappropriate inflammation is also emerging as a risk factor for trauma-related, anxiety, and affective disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is characterized as persistent re-experiencing of the trauma after a traumatic experience. Traumatic experiences can lead to long-lasting fear memories and exaggerated fear potentiation of the acoustic startle reflex.