Targeted augmented reality-guided transperineal prostate biopsies study: initial experience.

Background: Transperineal biopsy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected prostate lesions is now the established technique used in prostate cancer (CaP) diagnostics. Virtual Surgery Intelligence (VSI) Holomedicine by Apoqlar (Hamburg, Germany) is a mixed reality (MR)/augmented reality (AR) software platform that runs on the HoloLens II system (Microsoft, Redford, USA). Multiparametric prostate MRI images were converted into 3D holograms and added into a MR space, enabling visualization of a 3D hologram and image-assisted prostate biopsy.

A practical guide on the non-antibiotic options available in the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women.

Urinary Tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections worldwide, patients present to multiple different specialities in the community, primary and secondary care. Antibiotics are considered standard first line therapy in the treatment of urinary tract infections, however there is an alarming rise in global antibiotic resistance rates, so much so that the World Health Organisation has labelled antibiotic resistance as one of the biggest challenges to public health in our lifetime, publishing a global action plan to tackle this challenge. As a result, there is an increasing need to discover non-antibiotic alternatives, recently a number of novel therapies have been introduced into clinical practice.

Effect of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy With Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion vs Open Radical Cystectomy on 90-Day Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy is being performed with increasing frequency, but it is unclear whether total intracorporeal surgery improves recovery compared with open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Objectives: To compare recovery and morbidity after robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal reconstruction vs open radical cystectomy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized clinical trial of patients with nonmetastatic bladder cancer recruited at 9 sites in the UK, from March 2017-March 2020.

Sublingual MV140 for Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), which consist of three or more episodes in 1 year or two or more infections in 6 months, affect 5% to 10% of women. MV140, a sublingual preparation of whole-cell inactivated bacteria, has shown clinical benefit in observational studies. This trial examined treatment with MV140 to prevent recurrent UTI.

Expert Elicitation to Inform a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Screening for Renal Cancer.

Background: Population screening for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using ultrasound has the potential to improve survival outcomes; however, a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) has yet to be performed. Owing to the lack of existing evidence, we performed structured expert elicitation to derive unknown quantities to inform the CEA.

Objective: To elicit the cancer stage distribution (proportion of individuals with each stage of cancer) for different RCC screening scenarios and the annual transition probabilities for undiagnosed disease becoming diagnosed in the National Health Service.

Setting Research Priorities in Partnership with Patients to Provide Patient-centred Urological Cancer Care.

There is a well-documented discrepancy in prioritisation of research agendas between patients and researchers. Patient involvement in urological research from the outset is critical for well-prioritised research.

Essential Research Priorities in Renal Cancer: A Modified Delphi Consensus Statement.

Background: Identification of clear and focused research priorities is crucial to drive research forward.

Objective: To identify research priorities in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) through a multidisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and patients.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In phase I, 44 RCC experts provided 24 literature reviews within their field, summarising research gaps (RGs).

Is Erectile Dysfunction an Example of Abnormal Endothelial Function?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects approximately half of men during middle age. Erectile dysfunction is often an early symptom of systemic vascular disease, which may precipitate significant cardiac events. The pathophysiology of ED and cardiovascular disease is closely linked.

An in vivo hypoxia metagene identifies the novel hypoxia inducible factor target gene SLCO1B3.

A hypoxia-associated gene signature (metagene) was previously derived via in vivo data-mining. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this approach could identify novel hypoxia regulated genes. From an initial list of nine genes, three were selected for further study (BCAR1, IGF2BP2 and SLCO1B3).

Accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (AMVAC) as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Background: Meta-analysis data demonstrate a 5% absolute survival benefit for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using cisplatin-based combination regimens in the radical treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, there are no randomized, controlled trial data on the optimum regimen. Accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (AMVAC) is a dose-intense regimen that has the potential to minimize delays to definitive, potentially curative therapy.

Radiosensitization of renal cell carcinoma in vitro through the induction of autophagy.

Background And Purpose: For patients diagnosed with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), there are few therapeutic options. Radiation therapy is predominantly used to treat metastasis and has not proven effective in the adjuvant setting for renal cancer. Furthermore, RCC is resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapies.

Evaluation of diagnostic strategies for bladder cancer using computed tomography (CT) urography, flexible cystoscopy and voided urine cytology: results for 778 patients from a hospital haematuria clinic.

Unlabelled: Study Type - Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Haematuria clinics with same day imaging and flexible cystoscopy are an efficient way for investigating patients with haematuria. The principal role of haematuria clinics with reference to bladder cancer is to determine which patients are 'normal' and may be discharged, and which patients are abnormal and should undergo rigid cystoscopy. It is well recognised that CT urography offers a thorough evaluation of the upper urinary tract for stones, renal masses and urothelial neoplasms but the role of CT urography for diagnosing bladder cancer is less certain.

Laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy: a three-center retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis. Given the current lack of effective systemic therapies and data suggesting a survival benefit from cytoreductive nephrectomy (CRN) before systemic therapy, we have retrospectively analyzed the experience of laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy (LCRN) in three U.K.

MicroRNA-210 regulates mitochondrial free radical response to hypoxia and krebs cycle in cancer cells by targeting iron sulfur cluster protein ISCU.

Background: Hypoxia in cancers results in the upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and a microRNA, hsa-miR-210 (miR-210) which is associated with a poor prognosis.

Methods And Findings: In human cancer cell lines and tumours, we found that miR-210 targets the mitochondrial iron sulfur scaffold protein ISCU, required for assembly of iron-sulfur clusters, cofactors for key enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle, electron transport, and iron metabolism. Down regulation of ISCU was the major cause of induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypoxia.

The impact of the two-week wait rule on the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer in a single UK institution.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the 2-week wait rule on patient waiting times for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Patients And Methods: Data reporting the waiting times from diagnosis to treatment for 100 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with bladder cancer immediately before and after the implementation of the 2-week wait rule were compared. The data were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from cancer multidisciplinary team meeting files and patient records.

Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cancer is the most lethal of all urological malignancies with overall 5-year survival rates of around 60%. The predominant reason for the poor prognosis of this cancer has been the relative lack of effective systemic therapy for advanced metastatic disease. Until recently immunotherapy with interleukin-2 or interferon-alpha has been the standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, the response rates for these treatments were at best only 3-21%.

A three-centre experience of orthotopic neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy: revisiting the initial experience, and results in 104 patients.

Objective: To assess, in a retrospective three-centre series, a second analysis of the initial experience and results of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction (ONR) after an additional 4 years of follow-up.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of 104 suitable consecutive patients undergoing RC and ONR between June 1994 and April 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. The complications, mortality, continence and cancer control rates were all recorded.