Medical and nursing clinician perspectives on the usability of the hospital electronic medical record: A qualitative analysis.

Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) have been widely implemented in Australian hospitals. Their usability and design to support clinicians to effectively deliver and document care is essential, as is their impact on clinical workflow, safety and quality, communication, and collaboration across health systems. Perceptions of, and data about, usability of EMRs implemented in Australian hospitals are key to successful adoption.

DEMoS: a deep learning-based ensemble approach for predicting the molecular subtypes of gastric adenocarcinomas from histopathological images.

Motivation: The molecular subtyping of gastric cancer (adenocarcinoma) into four main subtypes based on integrated multiomics profiles, as proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) initiative, represents an effective strategy for patient stratification. However, this approach requires the use of multiple technological platforms, and is quite expensive and time-consuming to perform. A computational approach that uses histopathological image data to infer molecular subtypes could be a practical, cost- and time-efficient complementary tool for prognostic and clinical management purposes.

Characterisation of Plasma Mitochondrial DNA, MMP-9 and Neutrophil Elastase in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Effects of Tranexamic Acid and Postoperative Pneumonia.

Background: Postoperative pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality following cardiac surgery. The inflammatory response to cardiac surgery has been widely studied, but specific mechanisms for postoperative pneumonia have not been determined. Tranexamic acid is renowned for its effect on bleeding but can also modulate inflammatory processes.

A National Survey of EMR Usability: Comparisons between medical and nursing professions in the hospital and primary care sectors in Australia and Finland.

Background: Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMRs) are now part of nursing and medical professionals daily work in the acute and primary care sectors in Australia. Usability is an important factor in their successful adoption and impacts upon clinical workflow, safety and quality, communication, and collaboration. This study replicates a significant body of work conducted by Finnish researchers applying a usability focused survey to understand medical and nursing professionals' experiences in the Australian context.

Spectrum of illness among returned Australian travellers from Bali, Indonesia: a 5-year retrospective observational study.

Background: Bali, Indonesia, presents significant infectious and non-infectious health risks for Australian travellers. Understanding this spectrum of illnesses has the potential to assist clinicians in evaluating unwell returning travellers and guide provision of pre-travel advice.

Aim: To describe the spectrum of illnesses seen in returned travellers from Bali.

Designing a more efficient, effective and safe Medical Emergency Team (MET) service using data analysis.

Introduction: Hospitals have seen a rise in Medical Emergency Team (MET) reviews. We hypothesised that the commonest MET calls result in similar treatments. Our aim was to design a pre-emptive management algorithm that allowed direct institution of treatment to patients without having to wait for attendance of the MET team and to model its potential impact on MET call incidence and patient outcomes.

Oral human papillomavirus infection incidence and clearance: a systematic review of the literature.

Subclinical oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that persists for decades is likely to precede an HPV-driven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, but little is known about the natural history of oral HPV. We systematically reviewed and abstracted data from nine manuscripts that examined human immunodeficiency virus-negative and cancer-free subjects for oral HPV DNA to determine the pooled baseline prevalence and incidence of newly acquired oral HPV infections, and specifically for HPV-16. We also documented the clearance rate and the median time to clearance, where data existed.

Text mining electronic hospital records to automatically classify admissions against disease: Measuring the impact of linking data sources.

Objective: Text and data mining play an important role in obtaining insights from Health and Hospital Information Systems. This paper presents a text mining system for detecting admissions marked as positive for several diseases: Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Secondary Malignant Neoplasm of Respiratory and Digestive Organs, Multiple Myeloma and Malignant Plasma Cell Neoplasms, Pneumonia, and Pulmonary Embolism. We specifically examine the effect of linking multiple data sources on text classification performance.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: summary and conclusions.

Objective: To estimate the numbers and proportions of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable causal factors.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancers associated with exposure to 13 causal factors using standard formulae incorporating exposure prevalence and relative risk data. We also calculated the potential impact of changing exposure to some factors.

Cancers in Australia attributable to exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation and prevented by regular sunscreen use.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers occurring in Australia attributable to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the proportion and numbers prevented by regular sun protection factor (SPF) 15+ sunscreen use.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and numbers of melanomas and keratinocyte cancers (i.e.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to tobacco smoke.

Objectives: To estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) and numbers of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to tobacco smoking, both personal and by a partner.

Methods: We used a modified Peto-Lopez approach to calculate the difference between the number of lung cancer cases observed and the number expected assuming the entire population developed lung cancer at the same rate as never smokers. For cancers other than lung, we applied the standard PAF formula using relative risks from a large cohort and derived notional smoking prevalence.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to insufficient physical activity.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to insufficient levels of physical activity.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancers causally associated with insufficient physical activity (colon, post-menopausal breast and endometrium) using standard formulae incorporating prevalence of insufficient physical activity (<60 minutes at least 5 days/week), relative risks associated with physical activity and cancer incidence. We also estimated the proportion change in cancer incidence (potential impact fraction [PIF]) that may have occurred assuming that everyone with insufficient activity levels increased their exercise by 30 minutes/week.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to overweight and obesity.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and number of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to overweight/obesity.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and number of cancers causally associated with overweight/obesity. We used standard formulae incorporating Australian prevalence data for body mass index (BMI), relative risks associated with BMI and cancer.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to infectious agents.

Methods: The population attributable fraction (PAF) and number of cancers caused by hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV), Helicobacter pylori and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were calculated using standard formulae incorporating prevalence of infection in the Australian population, the relative risks associated with that infection and cancer incidence. For cancers with very strong associations to the infectious agent (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], human papillomavirus [HPV] and HIV/Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus [KSHV]), calculations were based on viral prevalence in the tumour.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to and prevented by the use of combined oral contraceptives.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and number of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for cancers causally associated with combined OCP use (breast, cervix), and the proportion of endometrial and ovarian cancers prevented (prevented fraction [PF]). We used standard formulae incorporating prevalence of combined OCP use in the Australian population, relative risks of cancer associated with this exposure and cancer incidence.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to and prevented by the use of menopausal hormone therapy.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and number of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction for cancers causally associated with MHT (breast, endometrium, ovary), and the proportion of colorectal cancers prevented by MHT. We used standard formulae incorporating Australian prevalence data, relative risks of cancer associated with MHT and cancer incidence.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to the consumption of red and processed meat.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to consuming red/processed meat.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for cancers causally associated with red/processed meat consumption (colon, rectum) using standard formulae incorporating prevalence of consumption (1995 National Nutrition Survey), relative risks associated with consumption and cancer incidence. We also estimated the proportion change in cancer incidence (potential impact fraction [PIF]) that might have occurred under two hypothetical interventions whereby Australian adults reduced their consumption of red/processed meat from prevailing levels to ≤100 g or ≤65 g per day, respectively.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to inadequate consumption of fruit, non-starchy vegetables and dietary fibre.

Objectives: To estimate the number and proportion of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to consumption deficits in fruit, non-starchy vegetables and dietary fibre.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for cancers causally associated with inadequate intake of fruit and non-starchy vegetables (oral cavity, pharynx, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, stomach, larynx); inadequate intake of fruit (lung); and insufficient intake of fibre (colorectum). We used standard formulae incorporating prevalence of exposure (1995 National Nutrition Survey) and relative risks from independent studies.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to total breastfeeding durations of 12 months or less by parous women.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and number of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 attributable to parous women having breastfed for total durations of ≤12 months.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of breast cancers (the only cancer site with convincing evidence of causal association) associated with women breastfeeding for ≤12 months in total, using standard formulae incorporating breastfeeding prevalence data, relative risks associated with breastfeeding and cancer incidence. We also estimated the proportion change in disease incidence (potential impact fraction [PIF]) that might have occurred under two hypothetical scenarios of women breastfeeding for longer durations.

Cancers prevented in Australia in 2010 through the consumption of aspirin.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion and number of cancers in Australia in 2010 that may have been prevented from occurring due to daily use of aspirin in the population.

Methods: We calculated the Prevented Fraction (PF) of colorectal and oesophageal cancers using standard formulae. The PF is the proportion of the hypothetical total load of cancer in the population that was prevented by exposure to aspirin.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to the consumption of alcohol.

Objective: To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 that are attributable to alcohol consumption.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancers causally associated with alcohol consumption using standard formulae incorporating prevalence of alcohol consumption and relative risks associated with consumption and cancer. We also estimated the proportion change in cancer incidence (potential impact fraction [PIF]) that might have occurred under the hypothetical scenario that an intervention reduced alcohol consumption, so that no-one drank >2 drinks/day.

Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: introduction and overview.

Objective: To describe the approach underpinning a national project to estimate the numbers and proportions of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 that are attributable to modifiable causal factors.

Methods: We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) (or prevented fraction) of cancers associated with exposure to causal (or preventive) factors using standard formulae. Where possible, we also estimated the potential impact on cancer incidence resulting from changes in prevalence of exposure.

Selecting cases for feedback to pre-hospital clinicians - a pilot study.

Background There are currently limited avenues for routine feedback from hospitals to pre-hospital clinicians aimed at improvements in clinical practice. Objective The aim of this study was to pilot a method for selectively identifying cases where there was a clinically significant difference between the pre-hospital and in-hospital diagnoses that could have led to a difference in pre-hospital patient care. Methods This was a single-centre retrospective study involving cases randomly selected through informatics extraction of final diagnoses at hospital discharge.

Predictors of injury mortality: findings from a large national cohort in Thailand.

Objective: To present predictors of injury mortality by types of injury and by pre-existing attributes or other individual exposures identified at baseline.

Design: 5-year prospective longitudinal study.

Setting: Contemporary Thailand (2005-2010), a country undergoing epidemiological transition.