Exercise and diet support in breast and prostate cancer survivors: findings from focus groups.

Purpose: Cancer survival is improving, making optimal management of long-term treatment-related adverse effects increasingly important. Exercise and a healthy diet are beneficial and regularly recommended in cancer survivorship guidelines; however, few cancer survivors meet these recommendations so there is a need to explore why. This study aimed to understand experiences receiving exercise and diet support among Australian breast and prostate cancer survivors during and following treatment, and to explore what support they would like to receive.

Erectile device insertion following phalloplasty in transgender and non-binary individuals assigned female at birth: a narrative review.

Genital gender affirmation surgery (gGAS) for individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) is complex and requires the staged insertion of an erectile device to permit penetrative intercourse. This final stage of gGAS is challenging, owing to the variable anatomy and lack of supportive structures within the neophallus when compared with erectile device insertion for individuals assigned male at birth. There is a paucity in the literature at present regarding erectile device insertion in trans-sex AFAB patients.

Total Phallic Reconstruction in the Genetic Male.

Background: Total phallic reconstruction (TPR) is a reconstructive challenge.

Objective: To report both surgical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of genetic male patients undergoing TPR utilising a radial artery forearm free flap (RAFFF).

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective tertiary referral centre analysis of a series of genetic male patients with penile insufficiency (PI) either due to congenital micropenis, or from traumatic or surgical amputation was conducted.

Clinical Recommendations From the European Society for Sexual Medicine Exploring Partner Expectations, Satisfaction in Male and Phalloplasty Cohorts, the Impact of Penile Length, Girth and Implant Type, Reservoir Placement, and the Influence of Comorbidities and Social Circumstances.

Introduction: To date, several aspects of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgical procedure have been poorly studied.

Aim: The aim of this study was to review the evidence associated with IPP implantation and provide clinical recommendations on behalf of the European Society for Sexual Medicine (ESSM). Overall, 130 peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews, which were published from 2007-2018 in the English language, were included.

Outcomes of inflatable penile prosthesis insertion in 247 patients completing female to male gender reassignment surgery.

Objectives: To assess the oucomes of penile prosthesis (PP) implantation after total phallic reconstruction secondary to gender dysphoria.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-centre analysis of 247 consecutive patients. The recruitment period was January 2001 to October 2015.

Synoptic operative reporting: assessing the completeness, accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of synoptic reporting for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Objective: Synoptic reporting (SR) is one solution to improve the quality of operative reports. However, SR has not been investigated in bariatric surgery despite an identified need by bariatric surgeons. SR for RYGB was developed using quality indicators (QIs) established by a national Delphi process.

Sleep disorders in patients with erectile dysfunction.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in men presenting with erectile dysfunction (ED) at a single centre.

Patients And Methods: All men attending a specialised andrology outpatient department with a new diagnosis of ED were included in this prospective study. All patients completed three questionnaires: the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and two sleep questionnaires [the Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Screening questionnaire and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)].

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the trauma intensive care unit: Diagnosis and management of a rare disease in a challenging population.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening neurological disorder associated with the use of antipsychotic medications. Many of its classic signs, such as fever and altered mental status, are nonspecific in trauma intensive care unit (ICU) patients, and its rarity makes it a difficult diagnosis in this population. However, delays in treatment can be costly both in terms of hospital resources and patient outcomes.

Safety and effectiveness of collagenase clostridium histolyticum in the treatment of Peyronie's disease using a new modified shortened protocol.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH; Xiapex , Xiaflex ) in the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD) using a new modified treatment protocol that aims at reducing the number of injections needed and reducing patient visits, thus reducing the duration and cost of treatment.

Patients And Methods: A prospective study of 53 patients with PD who had treatment with CCH at a single centre using a new modified protocol. The angle of curvature assessment after an intracavernosal injection of prostaglandin E1, the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Peyronie's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ) were completed at baseline and at week 12 (4 weeks after the last injection).

Penile prosthesis insertion in patients with refractory ischaemic priapism: early vs delayed implantation.

Objective: To compare the long-term results of early and delayed insertion of a penile prosthesis (PP) in men with refractory ischaemic priapism (IP).

Patients And Methods: Early insertion of a PP was carried out in 68 men with IP within a median of 7 days from the onset of priapism, while 27 had delayed insertion after a median of 5 months. The results for sexual ability, satisfaction and subjective penile shortening were assessed by questioning at follow-up visits.

The efficacy of the T-shunt procedure and intracavernous tunneling (snake maneuver) for refractory ischemic priapism.

Purpose: The current management of ischemic priapism that is refractory to conventional medical therapy is a form of shunt procedure that diverts blood away from the corpus cavernosum. We assessed the outcome of the T-shunt and intracavernous tunneling for the management of ischemic priapism.

Materials And Methods: During a 36-month period 45 patients presented with prolonged ischemic priapism.

Evaluation of enhanced attention to local detail in anorexia nervosa using the embedded figures test; an FMRI study.

The behavioural literature in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders has indicated an overlap in cognitive profiles. One such domain is the enhancement of local processing over global processing. While functional imaging studies of autism spectrum disorder have revealed differential neural patterns compared to controls in response to tests of local versus global processing, no studies have explored such effects in anorexia nervosa.

Neural processing of criticism and positive comments from relatives in individuals with schizotypal personality traits.

OBJECTIVES. High negative expressed emotion by family members towards schizophrenia patients increases the risk of subsequent relapse. The study aimed to determine whether individuals with high schizotypy (HS) and low schizotypy (LS) would differ in activation of brain areas involved in cognitive control when listening to relative criticism.

Neural changes following cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: a longitudinal study.

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that persistent positive symptoms, particularly delusions, can be improved by cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis. Heightened perception and processing of threat are believed to constitute the genesis of delusions. The present study aimed to examine functional brain changes following cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis.

Beyond dopamine: functional MRI predictors of responsiveness to cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis.

Despite the favourable effects of antipsychotics on positive symptoms of schizophrenia, many patients continue to suffer from distressing symptoms. Additional benefits of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) have been reported for approximately 50% of such patients. Given the role of left hemisphere-based language processes in responsiveness to CBT for depression, and language pathway abnormalities in psychosis, this study examined whether pre-therapy brain activity during a verbal monitoring task predicts CBTp responsiveness in schizophrenia.

Neural and behavioural responses to threat in men with a history of serious violence and schizophrenia or antisocial personality disorder.

Background: Contemporary theories and evidence implicate defective emotion regulation in violent behaviour. The two psychiatric illnesses most implicated in violence are schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder (APD). This study examined behavioural and brain abnormalities in violent men with schizophrenia or APD during anticipatory fear.

Functional MRI of verbal self-monitoring in schizophrenia: performance and illness-specific effects.

Previous small-sample studies have shown altered frontotemporal activity in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations and impaired monitoring of self-generated speech. We examined a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia (n = 63) and a representative group of healthy controls (n = 20) to disentangle performance, illness, and symptom-related effects in functional magnetic resonance imaging-detected brain abnormalities during monitoring of self- and externally generated speech in schizophrenia. Our results revealed activation of the thalamus (medial geniculate nucleus, MGN) and frontotemporal regions with accurate monitoring across all participants.

The immediate insertion of a penile prosthesis for acute ischaemic priapism.

Background: Ischaemic priapism (IP), which is refractory to conventional medical and surgical intervention, results in necrosis of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. These patients eventually develop a variable degree of corporal smooth muscle fibrosis that presents as erectile dysfunction and penile shortening.

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term outcome of patients who have undergone the immediate insertion of a penile prosthesis as a treatment for an acute episode of IP refractory to medical therapy or shunt surgery.

Free the animals? Investigating attitudes toward animal testing in Britain and the United States.

In this study, 185 British and 143 American undergraduates completed a battery of tests that measured attitudes toward animal testing and various individual difference variables. Attitudes toward animal testing factored into two interpretable factors: general attitudes toward animal testing, and animal welfare and conditions of testing. Overall, there was support for animal testing under the right conditions, although there was also concern for the welfare of animals and the conditions under which testing takes place.

Components of variance in a multicentre functional MRI study and implications for calculation of statistical power.

This article firstly presents a theoretical analysis of the statistical power of a parallel-group, repeated-measures (two-session) and two-centre design suitable for a placebo-controlled pharmacological MRI study. For arbitrary effect size, power is determined by the pooled between-session error, the pooled measurement error, the ratio of centre measurement errors, the total number of subjects and the proportion of subjects studied at the centre with greatest measurement error. Secondly, an experiment is described to obtain empirical estimates of variance components in task-related and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

An event related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of facial emotion processing in Asperger syndrome.

Background: People with Asperger syndrome (AS) have life-long deficits in social behavior. The biological basis of this is unknown, but most likely includes impaired processing of facial emotion. Human social communication involves processing different facial emotions, and at different intensities.

Death anxiety as a function of aging anxiety.

To assess how different facets of aging anxiety contributed to the prediction of tangible and existential death anxiety, 167 Americans of various Christian denominations completed a battery of questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic variables and previously demonstrated predictors of death anxiety, revealed that the aging anxiety dimensions of physical appearance concern and fear of losses each positively predicted tangible death anxiety. In addition, the aging anxiety dimension of fear of losses predicted existential death anxiety.

A functional MRI study of happy and sad affective states induced by classical music.

The present study investigated the functional neuroanatomy of transient mood changes in response to Western classical music. In a pilot experiment, 53 healthy volunteers (mean age: 32.0; SD = 9.

Early results after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: effect of the learning curve.

Introduction: This study was performed to evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) for morbid obesity and to describe the relation between learning curve and short-term outcomes.

Methods: We collected a prospective database on the first 201 consecutive patients who underwent LRYGB by a single university-based, experienced bariatric surgeon over 24 months. We divided patients into 3 consecutive groups of 67 patients for analysis (Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3).