Positive Airway Pressure and Metabolic Markers in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests an association between childhood obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome, with more research available on the potential impacts of positive airway pressure (PAP) on metabolic markers in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a systematic synthesis of the evidence on the effect of PAP use on metabolic markers in children with OSA.

Methods: A search strategy with terms for "OSA" and metabolic markers in pediatrics was run to systematically assess 5 databases until August 26, 2022.

Feasibility of split night polysomnography in children to diagnose and treat sleep related breathing disorders.

Study Objectives: The gold standard test for diagnosis of sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children is diagnostic polysomnography (PSG). This is often followed by a titration PSG to identify optimal non-invasive ventilation (NIV) pressures. Access to pediatric PSG is limited, resulting in delays to diagnosis and initiation of treatment.

Pneumonectomy in a Child with Multilobar Pneumatocele Secondary to Necrotizing Pneumonia: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common within pediatrics and contributes disproportionately to morbidity and mortality. Necrotizing pneumonia is a well-documented complication of CAP. It is thought to be caused by necrosis and liquefaction of consolidated lung and can result in damage to lung parenchyma, including pneumatocele development.

Noninvasive monitoring of CO2 during polysomnography: a review of the recent literature.

Purpose Of Review: Sleep-related breathing disorders are complex conditions that require the integration of clinical and sleep laboratory findings to support a diagnosis. Analysis of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels during sleep provides important additional information to the clinician that is not obtained from other polysomnographic indices, and that may have a direct impact on both diagnosis and patient mortality. Although arterial blood gas (ABG) is considered the gold standard for assessing PaCO2 levels, there are numerous drawbacks.

Association Between Chronic Aspiration and Chronic Airway Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Gram-Negative Bacteria in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at an increased risk for aspiration, and subsequent pneumonia or pneumonitis. Pneumonia is a common cause of hospital admission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death in patients with CP, and may disproportionately contribute to mortality. The role of respiratory microflora is unknown.

Vaccenic acid favourably alters immune function in obese JCR:LA-cp rats.

Vaccenic acid (VA) is a ruminant-derived trans-fat and precursor of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of VA on immune function in a model of the metabolic syndrome, JCR:LA-cp rats. Lean (2:1 mix of +/cp and +/+) and obese (cp/cp) rats, aged 8 weeks, were fed a control (0% VA) or a VA diet (1.