Publications by authors named "Christophe Habas"

Article Synopsis
  • The cerebellum is crucial for motor, cognitive, and emotional functions; its decline in aging has led to increased scientific interest due to its role in timing and complex tasks like spatial navigation.
  • Anatomical connections and interactions with the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and spinal cord suggest that the cerebellum creates internal models that aid in automatic behaviors; changes in its structure and function with age are linked to mobility and cognitive decline.
  • Neuroimaging studies indicate that age-related cerebellar atrophy correlates with cognitive and motor performance issues, and in conditions like Alzheimer's, cerebellar function declines independently from the cerebral cortex's contributions.
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Emotions induce complex patterns of cerebellar activity likely reflecting specific cerebellar modulation and multidimensional integration of the emotional experience, based on context-specific dynamic recruitment of limbic, cognitive, mnesic, and sensorimotor cortico-cerebellar loops. Meta-analyses have reported constant recruitment of lobules VI-VII during basic emotions. Activation of rostral lobules II-VI and lobule VIII may be preferentially in relation to motor responses, whereas rostral and caudal vermal activation may be linked to autonomic regulation and associative learning in conjunction with amygdala.

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Orienting in space requires the processing of visual spatial cues. The dominant hypothesis about the brain structures mediating the coding of spatial cues stipulates the existence of a hippocampal-dependent system for the representation of geometry and a striatal-dependent system for the representation of landmarks. However, this dual-system hypothesis is based on paradigms that presented spatial cues conveying either conflicting or ambiguous spatial information and that used the term landmark to refer to both discrete three-dimensional objects and wall features.

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  • The cerebellum plays a crucial role in regulating human gait, affecting posture, timing of muscle activity, and coordination, with deficits leading to conditions like ataxia and increased fall risk.
  • Cerebellar disorders can disrupt balance and gait due to neurodegeneration, with technologies like accelerometers and Kinect being utilized for assessing gait and developing deep learning methods for better diagnosis.
  • Interventions such as coordinative training are being explored to improve locomotor adaptation in individuals with cerebellar conditions.
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Article Synopsis
  • Some cancer patients can get eye problems, even after their cancer seems to be gone.
  • The study talked about 6 unique cases where these patients had different kinds of eye issues related to their blood cancers.
  • Doctors need to watch for eye symptoms in these patients because catching problems early can help with treatment.
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Spatial navigation is an intricate ability, requiring multisensory and motor integration, that is particularly impacted in aging. The age-related decline in navigational capabilities is known to be associated with changes in brain regions such as the frontal, temporal, and cerebellar cortices. Age-related cerebellar differences in spatial navigation have generally been ascribed to motor impairments, omitting the central role of this structure in several cognitive processes.

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Objective: To evaluate the 3D Fast Gray Acquisition T1 Inversion Recovery (FGATIR) sequence for MRI identification of brainstem tracts and nuclei damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: From april to december 2020, 10 healthy volunteers and 50 patients with remitted-relapsing MS (58% female, mean age 36) underwent MR imaging in the Neuro-imaging department of the C.H.

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Background: Basal ganglia and cerebellum are structurally and functionally connected in animals. In humans, tractography and seed-based functional connectivity have confirmed this cerebellar-striatal relation. Independent component analysis (ICA) showed that both cerebellum and basal ganglia take part in distinct intrinsic networks.

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Anatomical tracing, human clinical data, and stimulation functional imaging have firmly established the major role of the (neo-)cerebellum in cognition and emotion. Telencephalization characterized by the great expansion of associative cortices, especially the prefrontal one, has been associated with parallel expansion of the neocerebellar cortex, especially the lobule VII, and by an increased number of interconnections between these two cortical structures. These anatomical modifications underlie the implication of the neocerebellum in cognitive control of complex motor and non-motor tasks.

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The automatic segmentation of multiple sclerosis lesions in magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to reduce radiologists' efforts on a daily time-consuming task and to bring more reproducibility. Almost all new segmentation techniques make use of convolutional neural networks with their own different architecture. Architectural choices are rarely explained.

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Cognitive demands for postural control increase with aging and cognitive-motor interference (CMI) exists for a number of walking situations, especially with visuo-spatial cognitive tasks. Such interference also influences spatial learning abilities among older adults; however, this is rarely considered in research on aging in spatial navigation. We posited that visually and physically exploring an unknown environment may be subject to CMI for older adults.

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Older adults have difficulties in navigating unfamiliar environments and updating their wayfinding behavior when faced with blocked routes. This decline in navigational capabilities has traditionally been ascribed to memory impairments and dysexecutive function, whereas the impact of visual aging has often been overlooked. The ability to perceive visuospatial information such as salient landmarks is essential to navigating efficiently.

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Purpose: To reappraise the presentation and the course of ITM2B-related retinal dystrophy and give further insights into ITM2B expression in the retina.

Methods: The clinical data of nine subjects with ITM2B-related retinal dystrophy were retrospectively reviewed. The genetic mutation was assessed for its influence on splicing in cultured fibroblasts.

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Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in the world and remains a major public health problem. To date, incomplete knowledge of this disease's pathophysiology has resulted in current therapies (pharmaceutical or surgical) unfortunately having only a slowing effect on disease progression. Recent research suggests that glaucomatous optic neuropathy is a disease that shares common neuroinflammatory mechanisms with "classical" neurodegenerative pathologies.

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During evolution, living systems, actively interacting with their environment, developed the ability, through sensorimotor contingencies, to construct functional spaces shaping their perception and their movements. These geometries were modularly embedded in specific functional neuro-architectures. In particular, human movements were shown to obey several empirical laws, such as the 2/3 power law, isochrony, or jerk minimization principles, which constrain and adapt motor planning and execution.

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Spatial navigation involves multiple cognitive processes including multisensory integration, visuospatial coding, memory, and decision-making. These functions are mediated by the interplay of cerebral structures that can be broadly separated into a posterior network (subserving visual and spatial processing) and an anterior network (dedicated to memory and navigation planning). Within these networks, areas such as the hippocampus (HC) are known to be affected by aging and to be associated with cognitive decline and navigation impairments.

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The thalamus is a neural processor and integrator for the activities of the forebrain. Surprisingly, little is known about the roles of the "cerebellar" thalamus despite the anatomical observation that all the cortico-cerebello-cortical loops make relay in the main subnuclei of the thalamus. The thalamus displays a broad range of electrophysiological responses, such as neuronal spiking, bursting, or oscillatory rhythms, which contribute to precisely shape and to synchronize activities of cortical areas.

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Article Synopsis
  • Scientists are studying how the brain changes when people lose their vision, particularly in patients with a condition called retinitis pigmentosa.
  • They looked at two groups: one with some central vision left and another that was completely blind, to see how losing different parts of vision affects the brain's white matter.
  • The results showed that as people lose their vision, the brain reorganizes itself, which might help them adapt to their new way of seeing and improve other senses.
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In this study, we used fMRI to identify brain regions associated with concentration (sustained attention) during a motor preparation task. In comparison with a non-concentration task, increased activities were observed (P < 0.05, FWE-corrected P values) in cerebellar lobules VI and VII, motor cortex, pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), thalamus, red nucleus (RN), and caudate nucleus (CN).

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Background: We seeked for specific cerebellar contribution within the dorsal attentional network (DAN), using Independent Component Analysis (ICA).

Methods: ICA-based analysis was performed on brain resting-state functional images of 19 volunteers.

Results: We confirmed that DAN includes bilaterally: lobules VI-VII (crus I) and VIIB-VIIIA, as previously reported by Region-Of-Interest (ROI)-based functional connectivity studies.

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Disorders that specifically affect central and peripheral vision constitute invaluable models to study how the human brain adapts to visual deafferentation. We explored cortical changes after the loss of central or peripheral vision. Cortical thickness (CoTks) and resting-state cortical entropy (rs-CoEn), as a surrogate for neural and synaptic complexity, were extracted in 12 Stargardt macular dystrophy, 12 retinitis pigmentosa (tunnel vision stage), and 14 normally sighted subjects.

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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a noninvasive neuroimaging tool assessing the organization of white-matter tracts and brain microstructure in vivo. The technique takes into account the three-dimensional (3D) direction of diffusion of water in space, the brownian movements of water being constrained by the brain microstructure. The main direction of diffusion in the brain is extracted to obtain the principal direction of axonal projection within a given voxel.

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