Projected land ice contributions to twenty-first-century sea level rise.

The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted using ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using coordinated exploration of uncertainties arising from the various computer models involved. Two recent international projects generated a large suite of projections using multiple models, but primarily used previous-generation scenarios and climate models, and could not fully explore known uncertainties. Here we estimate probability distributions for these projections under the new scenarios using statistical emulation of the ice sheet and glacier models.

Dynamic Greenland ice sheet driven by pCO variations across the Pliocene Pleistocene transition.

It is generally considered that the perennial glaciation of Greenland lasting several orbital cycles began around 2.7 Ma along with the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). Both data and model studies have demonstrated that a decline in atmospheric pCO was instrumental in establishing a perennial Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), yet models have generally used simplistic pCO constraints rather than data-inferred pCO evolution.

Consequences of rapid ice sheet melting on the Sahelian population vulnerability.

The acceleration of ice sheet melting has been observed over the last few decades. Recent observations and modeling studies have suggested that the ice sheet contribution to future sea level rise could have been underestimated in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. The ensuing freshwater discharge coming from ice sheets could have significant impacts on global climate, and especially on the vulnerable tropical areas.

Proof of Principle: Immobilisation of Robust Cu Tb -Macrocycles on Small, Suitably Pre-functionalised Gold Nanoparticles.

In a proof-of-principle study, a soluble macrocyclic single-molecule magnet (SMM) containing a Cu Tb magnetic core was covalently grafted onto small gold nanoparticles pre-functionalised with carboxylate-terminated tethers. A modified microemulsion method allowed production of the small and monodisperse nanoparticles (approximately 3.5 nm in diameter) for the chemisorption of a large amount of intact macrocyclic complexes in the hybrid system.

Insights into the Partitioning Behavior of Secondary Surfactants in a Microemulsion-Based Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: A DLS and 2D NMR Spectroscopic Investigation.

Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) have been used to explore the diffusion and partitioning behavior of secondary surfactants added to suspensions of reverse micelles (RMs) containing either silver or gold nanoparticles (NPs), with an aim of advancing our understanding of the mechanism of metal NP extraction and/or surface functionalization with specific capping agents as performed during a microemulsion-based synthesis. We have coupled these NMR techniques with corresponding dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of RMs, with and without encapsulated metal NPs, upon addition of secondary surfactants. Using oleylamine (OAm), oleic acid (OA), dodecylamine (DDAm), and dodecanethiol (DDT), we show that all four secondary surfactants can rapidly diffuse into/out of the RM environment with their head groups in close proximity to the RM interior and encapsulated water molecules; however, surfactant molecules containing a terminal -NH2 or -COOH group undergo a persistent association with the molecules of the RMs, thus solubilizing and partially sequestering a portion of the total concentration of these secondary agents within the RM interface for a lengthened period of time (in relation to the time frame of the DOSY experiments) and slowing their rate of exchange with freely diffusing molecules in the bulk solvent.