Unlabelled: Microbial communities offer considerable potential for tackling environmental challenges by improving the functioning of ecosystems. Top-down community engineering is a promising strategy that could be used to obtain communities of desired function. However, the ecological factors that control the balance between community shaping and propagation are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn recent years, the food industry has expended considerable effort to design novel products that replace animal proteins with legumes; however, the actual environmental benefits of such products are often not quantified. Here, we performed Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) to evaluate the environmental performance of four new fermented food products based on different mixtures of animal (cow milk) and plant (pea) protein sources (100% Pea, 75% Pea-25% Milk, 50% Pea-50% Milk, 25% Pea-75% Milk). The system perimeter encompassed all stages from agricultural production of the ingredients to the creation of the final ready-to-eat products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe supplementation of animal feed with microbial additives remains questioning for the traditional or quality label raw milk cheeses with regard to microbial transfer to milk. We evaluated the effect of dietary administration of live yeast on performance and microbiota of raw milk, teat skin, and bedding material of dairy cows. Two balanced groups of cows (21 primiparous 114 ± 24 DIM, 18 multiparous 115 ± 33 DIM) received either a concentrate supplemented with CNCM I-1077 (1 × 10 CFU/d) during four months (LY group) or no live yeast (C group).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLactic acid bacteria, including the microorganisms formerly designated as , are the major representatives of Live Biotherapeutic Microorganisms (LBM) when used for therapeutic purposes. However, in most cases, the mechanisms of action remain unknown. The antifungal potential of LBM has already been demonstrated using preclinical models (cell cultures, laboratory animals).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstablishing the relationship between gut microbiota and host health has become a main target of research in the last decade. Human gut microbiota-associated animal models represent one alternative to human research, allowing for intervention studies to investigate causality. Recent cohort and studies proposed an altered gut microbiota and lactate metabolism with excessive H production as the main causes of infant colic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this study was to identify a probiotic-based strategy for maintaining muscle anabolism in the elderly. In previous research, we found that individuals experiencing short bowel syndrome (SBS) after an intestinal resection displayed beneficial metabolic adjustments that were mediated by their gut microbes. Thus, these bacteria could potentially be used to elicit similar positive effects in elderly people, who often have low food intake and thus develop sarcopenia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe early intestinal colonization of functional microbial groups plays an essential role in infant gut health, with most studies targeting the initial colonization period from birth to 6 months of age. In a previous report, we demonstrated the metabolic cross-feeding of lactate and identified keystone species specified for lactate utilization in fecal samples of 40 healthy infants. We present here the extension of our longitudinal study for the period from 6 months to 2 years, with a focus on the colonization of functional groups involved in lactate metabolism and butyrate production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe authentic characteristics of the famous Bleu d'Auvergne cheese were studied. Many parameters were analysed during the ripening of cheeses. Migrations of Na and Ca ions, associated with a pH gradient, occurred between the rind and the core.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
June 2022
Evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and diversity can be a determinant of skeletal muscle metabolism and functionality. This is true in catabolic (sarcopenia and cachexia) or anabolic (exercise or in athletes) situations. As gut microbiota is known to be causal in the development and worsening of metabolic dysregulation phenotypes such as obesity or insulin resistance, it can regulate, at least partially, skeletal muscle mass and function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA previous study identified differences in rind aspects between -type cheeses manufactured from the same skimmed milk, supplemented with cream derived either from pasture-raised cows (P) or from cows fed with maize silage (M). Using an integrated analysis of multiomic data, the present study aimed at investigating potential correlations between cream origin and metagenomic, lipidomic and volatolomic profiles of these cheeses. Fungal and bacterial communities of cheese cores and rinds were characterized using DNA metabarcoding at different ripening times.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe human digestion is a multi-step and multi-compartment process essential for human health, at the heart of many issues raised by academics, the medical world and industrials from the food, nutrition and pharma fields. In the first years of life, major dietary changes occur and are concomitant with an evolution of the whole child digestive tract anatomy and physiology, including colonization of gut microbiota. All these phenomena are influenced by child exposure to environmental compounds, such as drugs (especially antibiotics) and food pollutants, but also childhood infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudies of food microorganism domestication can provide important insight into adaptation mechanisms and lead to commercial applications. Penicillium roqueforti is a fungus with four genetically differentiated populations, two of which were independently domesticated for blue cheese-making, with the other two populations thriving in other environments. Most blue cheeses are made with strains from a single P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdding massive amounts of lactic starters to raw milk to manage the sanitary risk in the cheese-making process could be detrimental to microbial diversity. Adjusting the amount of the lactic starter used could be a key to manage these adverse impacts. In uncooked pressed cheeses, we investigated the impacts of varying the doses of a lactic starter (the recommended one, 1×, a 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF, a non-parasitic nematode emerges as a relevant and powerful candidate as an model for microorganisms-microorganisms and microorganisms-host interactions studies. Experiments have demonstrated the probiotic potential of bacteria since they can provide to the worm a longer lifespan, an increased resistance to pathogens and to oxidative or heat stresses. Probiotics are used to prevent or treat microbiota dysbiosis and associated pathologies but the molecular mechanisms underlying their capacities are still unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent developments in the understanding of the relationship between the microbiota and its host have provided evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of selected microorganisms to prevent or treat disease. According to Directive 2001/83/EC, in the European Union (EU), any product intended to prevent or treat disease is defined as a medicinal product and requires a marketing authorization by competent authorities prior to commercialization. Even if the pharmaceutical regulatory framework is harmonized at the EU level, obtaining marketing authorisations for medicinal products remains very challenging for Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe design of multiscale strategies integrating in vitro and in vivo models is necessary for the selection of new probiotics. In this regard, we developed a screening assay based on the investigation of the potential of yeasts from cheese as probiotics against the pathogen Typhimurium UPsm1 (ST). Two yeasts isolated from raw-milk cheese ( 16, Sc16; 25, Dh25), as well as subspecies (CNCM I-1079, Sb1079), were tested against ST by applying in vitro and in vivo tests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of powerful sequencing techniques has allowed, albeit with some biases, the identification and inventory of complex microbial communities that inhabit different body sites or body fluids, some of which were previously considered sterile. Notably, milk is now considered to host a complex microbial community with great diversity. Milk microbiota is now well documented in various hosts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConsumption of probiotic bacteria can result in a transient colonization of the human gut and thereby in potential interactions with the commensal microbiota. In this study, we used novel PolyFermS continuous fermentation models to investigate interactions of the candidate probiotic strain CNCM I-1518 () with colonic microbiota from healthy elderly subjects using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metatranscriptomics, or with microbiota -colonized with ( NCTC 13307 and DSM 1296)-an enteropathogen prevalent in the elderly population. Small changes in microbiota composition were detected upon daily addition of , including increased abundances of closely related genera and , and of the butyrate producer .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe resistance of to conventional drug treatments, as well as the recurrence phenomena due to dysbiosis caused by antifungal treatments, have highlighted the need to implement new therapeutic methodologies. The antifungal potential of live biotherapeutic products (LBP) has already been demonstrated using preclinical models (cell cultures, laboratory animals). Understanding their mechanisms of action is strategic for the development of new therapeutics for humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe increased recurrence of Candida albicans infections is associated with greater resistance to antifungal drugs. This involves the establishment of alternative therapeutic protocols, such as probiotic microorganisms whose antifungal potential has already been demonstrated using preclinical models (cell cultures, laboratory animals). Understanding the mechanisms of action of probiotic microorganisms has become a strategic need for the development of new therapeutics for humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Reads assignment to taxonomic units is a key step in microbiome analysis pipelines. To date, accurate taxonomy annotation of 16S reads, particularly at species rank, is still challenging due to the short size of read sequences and differently curated classification databases. The close phylogenetic relationship between species encountered in dairy products, however, makes it crucial to annotate species accurately to achieve sufficient phylogenetic resolution for further downstream ecological studies or for food diagnostics.
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