A Quantitative Comparison Between Human and Artificial Intelligence in the Detection of Focal Cortical Dysplasia.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is thought to improve lesion detection. However, a lack of knowledge about human performance prevents a comparative evaluation of AI and an accurate assessment of its impact on clinical decision-making. The objective of this work is to quantitatively evaluate the ability of humans to detect focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), compare it to state-of-the-art AI, and determine how it may aid diagnostics.

Clinical and neuroimaging precursors in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: impact of the Boston criteria version 2.0.

Background And Purpose: Although the Boston criteria version 2.0 facilitates the sensitivity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) diagnosis, there are only limited data about precursor symptoms. This study aimed to determine the impact of neurological and imaging features in relation to the time of CAA diagnosis.

Impact of Vaccination Status on Outcome of Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy.

Background: Data on impact of COVID-19 vaccination and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy are scarce. Addressing this subject, we report our multicenter experience.

Methods And Results: This was a retrospective analysis of patients with COVID-19 and known vaccination status treated with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke at 20 tertiary care centers between January 2020 and January 2023.

Cervical myelitis: a practical approach to its differential diagnosis on MR imaging.

Background: Differential diagnosis of non-compressive cervical myelopathy encompasses a broad spectrum of inflammatory, infectious, vascular, neoplastic, neurodegenerative, and metabolic etiologies. Although the speed of symptom onset and clinical course seem to be specific for certain neurological diseases, lesion pattern on MR imaging is a key player to confirm diagnostic considerations.

Methods: The differentiation between acute complete transverse myelitis and acute partial transverse myelitis makes it possible to distinguish between certain entities, with the latter often being the onset of multiple sclerosis.

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis and Acute Encephalitis Following Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2: Two Case Reports and Review of Literature.

The spectrum of severe neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination includes cerebrovascular events, inflammatory diseases of the CNS, cranial and peripheral nerve involvement and muscle affections. Post-vaccinal acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and acute encephalitis are rare. We report on a patient suffering from acute encephalitis and another with post-vaccinal monophasic ADEM.

Myocardial tissue changes detected by cardiac MRI in a patient with suspected systemic sarcoidosis.

Background: The role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the early management of chronic cardiac inflammatory conditions is growing. Our case enlightens the benefit of quantitative mapping in the monitoring and treatment guidance in systemic sarcoidosis.

Case Presentation: We report about a 29-year-old man with an ongoing dyspnea and bihilar lymphadenopathy, suggesting sarcoidosis.

Multimodality Imaging in HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Comprehensive Review.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly reduced the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome and increased life expectancy, approaching that of the general population. However, people living with HIV have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular diseases despite long-term viral suppression using ART.

Long-term cardiac pathology in individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness.

Cardiac symptoms are increasingly recognized as late complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in previously well individuals with mild initial illness, but the underlying pathophysiology leading to long-term cardiac symptoms remains unclear. In this study, we conducted serial cardiac assessments in a selected population of individuals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with no previous cardiac disease or notable comorbidities by measuring blood biomarkers of heart injury or dysfunction and by performing magnetic resonance imaging. Baseline measurements from 346 individuals with COVID-19 (52% females) were obtained at a median of 109 days (interquartile range (IQR), 77-177 days) after infection, when 73% of participants reported cardiac symptoms, such as exertional dyspnea (62%), palpitations (28%), atypical chest pain (27%) and syncope (3%).

Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in COVID-19 patients: multicenter experience in 111 cases.

Background: Data on the frequency and outcome of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients with COVID-19 is limited. Addressing this subject, we report our multicenter experience.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of consecutive acute stroke patients with COVID-19 infection treated with MT at 26 tertiary care centers between January 2020 and November 2021.

Determination of scar area using native and post-contrast T1 mapping: Agreement with late gadolinium enhancement.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain agreement in measurements of the scar area between late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), native and post-contrast T1 mapping in patients with known ischemic heart disease. 132 patients (age 60 ± 11 yrs, male 82%) were included in the study. Corresponding 3 short axis slices images of LGE, native and post contrast T1 mapping were used.

Head and neck single- and dual-energy CT: differences in radiation dose and image quality of 2nd and 3rd generation dual-source CT.

Objectives: To compare radiation dose and image quality of single-energy (SECT) and dual-energy (DECT) head and neck CT examinations performed with second- and third-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) in matched patient cohorts.

Methods: 200 patients (mean age 55.1 ± 16.

Myocardial Fibrosis and Inflammation by CMR Predict Cardiovascular Outcome in People Living With HIV.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine prognostic relationships between cardiac imaging measures and cardiovascular outcome in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Background: PLWH have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and heart failure (HF) compared with the noninfected population. The pathophysiological drivers of myocardial dysfunction and worse cardiovascular outcome in HIV remain poorly understood.

Radiomics of high-resolution computed tomography for the differentiation between cholesteatoma and middle ear inflammation: effects of post-reconstruction methods in a dual-center study.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of radiomic features extracted from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for the differentiation between cholesteatoma and middle ear inflammation (MEI), and to investigate the impact of post-reconstruction harmonization and data resampling.

Methods: One hundred patients were included in this retrospective dual-center study: 48 with histology-proven cholesteatoma (center A: 23; center B: 25) and 52 with MEI (A: 27; B: 25). Radiomic features (co-occurrence and run-length matrix, absolute gradient, autoregressive model, Haar wavelet transform) were extracted from manually defined 2D-ROIs.

Prevalence and prognostic impact of nonischemic late gadolinium enhancement in stress cardiac magnetic resonance.

Aim: To assess the prevalence and prognostic significance of NI-LGE in patients undergoing stress-CMR.

Methods: Stress-CMR with either dipyridamole or adenosine was performed in 283 patients (228 men, 81%) including perfusion imaging, wall motion evaluation and LGE. Follow-up was completed in all enrolled patients (median time: 1850 days; interquartile range: 1225-2705 days).

Quantitative perfusion-CMR is significantly influenced by the placement of the arterial input function.

The aim of this study is to provide a systematic assessment of the influence of the position on the arterial input function (AIF) for perfusion quantification. In 39 patients with a wide range of left ventricular function the AIF was determined using a diluted contrast bolus of a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in three left ventricular levels (basal, mid, apex) as well as aortic sinus (AoS). Time to peak signal intensities, baseline corrected peak signal intensity and upslopes were determined and compared to those obtained in the AoS.

Influence of contrast material density and kV setting on detectability of calcified plaques on coronary CT angiography.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of tube potential and iodine concentration on the visibility of calcified plaques in coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA).

Methods & Materials: 164 consecutive patients (65.9 % men and a mean age of 57.

Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Importance: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Case reports of hospitalized patients suggest that COVID-19 prominently affects the cardiovascular system, but the overall impact remains unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the presence of myocardial injury in unselected patients recently recovered from COVID-19 illness.

Carotid and cerebrovascular dual-energy computed tomography angiography: Optimization of window settings for virtual monoenergetic imaging reconstruction.

Purpose: Dedicated post-processing of dual-energy computed tomography angiography (DE-CTA) datasets has been shown to allow for increased vascular contrast. The goal of our study was to define optimal window settings for displaying virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) reconstructed from dual-energy carotid and cerebrovascular DE-CTA.

Methods: Fifty-seven patients who underwent clinically-indicated carotid and cerebrovascular third-generation dual-source DE-CTA were retrospectively evaluated.

Can Dual-energy CT-based Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging Improve the Assessment of Hypodense Liver Metastases in Patients With Hepatic Steatosis?

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the impact of noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) on lesion demarcation and measuring accuracy of hypoattenuating liver metastases in patients with fatty liver disease compared to standard reconstructions.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight patients (mean age 62.2 ± 7.

Improved coronary artery contrast enhancement using noise-optimised virtual monoenergetic imaging from dual-source dual-energy computed tomography.

Purpose: To define optimal kiloelectron volt (keV) settings for virtual monoenergetic imaging (VMI) reconstruction at dual-energy coronary computed tomography angiography (DE-CCTA).

Method: Fifty-one DE-CCTA data sets (33 men; mean age, 63.9 ± 13.

Towards standardized postprocessing of global longitudinal strain by feature tracking - OptiStrain CMR-FT study.

Background: Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an important prognostic biomarker. Its everyday clinical use is limited due to methodological and postprocessing diversity among the users and vendors. Standardization of postprocessing approaches may reduce the random operator-dependent variability, allowing for comparability of measurements despite the systematic vendor-related differences.

Measurement Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Virtual Monoenergetic Dual-Energy CT in Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Rationale And Objectives: To compare dual-energy CT virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) and standard reconstructions for reliability of quantitative size measurements and diagnostic accuracy for the detection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included 98 patients (mean age, 61.1±11.

Gadolinium-enhanced imaging of pediatric thoracic lymphoma: is intravenous contrast really necessary?

Objectives: Increasing awareness of potential side effects from gadolinium-based contrast agents has underlined the need for contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Numerous recent articles evaluated the risk of potential brain deposits, with the result that research is putting the focus more on alternative unenhanced imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the need for contrast media for chest MRI in primary staging and follow-up care of lymphoma.