Practical guide of vascular ultrasound in arteriovenous fistulae.

The use of vascular ultrasound, especially with the increasing prevalence of percutaneous arteriovenous fistulas, has taken a central role as a diagnostic and therapeutic imaging procedure in vascular access creation. The current review article stresses the importance of vascular ultrasound in arteriovenous fistula, from planning to creation to maintenance. It summarises and gives practical guidance regarding sonographic criteria for vascular access procedure planning, the application of vascular ultrasound intraoperatively and during follow-up.

Ultrasound-guided venous pressure measurement.

Current standard technique for venous pressure measurement is still invasive, requiring insertion of a catheter. Additionally, clinical estimation of central venous pressure (CVP) has proven unreliable compared to invasive methods. Meanwhile, different non-invasive ultrasound guided modalities may provide a valid alternative to invasive venous pressure measurement.

Association of Intrarenal Resistance Index and Systemic Atherosclerosis After Kidney Transplantation.

Background/aim: Patients after kidney transplants are at risk of cardiovascular morbidity. An elevated resistance index (RI) is associated with renal graft failure, while a decreased RI can be due to a renal artery stenosis. The RI can also be measured in the carotid artery.

External stenting and disease progression in vein grafts 1 year after open surgical repair of popliteal artery aneurysm.

Objective: Open surgical repair remains the gold standard treatment for popliteal artery aneurysms (PAA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of external stenting and its medium-term effect on vein graft disease after open PAA repair.

Methods: Between December 2017 and September 2019, 12 consecutive patients with PAA underwent open surgical repair with externally stented saphenous vein grafts.

[Not Another Arm Vein Thrombosis - Memories of the Past].

Not Another Arm Vein Thrombosis - Memories of the Past This article points out relevant differential diagnoses of a unilateral arm swelling that is a key clinical sign of an upper extremity vein thrombosis. The presented case is a patient with a symptomatic, iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula between the subclavian artery and vein due to central venous port system implantation.

Exercise induced leg pain due to endofibrosis of external iliac artery.

Due to monotonous movement patterns, muscular hypertrophy, and increased cardiac output peripheral vasculature of athletes are subject to extreme stresses during athletic performance. Individuals suffering from exercise induced non-traumatic lower leg pain may display underlying vascular pathology such as external iliac artery endofibrosis. Therefore, it is essential in the course of to discriminate vascular from non-vascular findings and prime the correct diagnostic path within the course of clinical examination.

Symptomatic type I endoleak following popliteal artery aneurysm repair.

A case of a symptomatic type Ib endoleak following popliteal artery aneurysm repair with successful interventional therapy introduces a short review of the limited literature to this relevant potential complication. Illustration of important factors supporting endoleak formation after endovascular popliteal artery repair and recommendation of a consequent surveillance are discussed.

PAD screening: why? whom? when? how? - a systematic review.

An estimated 237 million people suffer from peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and prevalence is still increasing. Currently, we do not have any randomized trials that compare screening to no screening specifically for PAD in the general population. Presently, PAD screening is not generally established.

Prevalence of carotid plaque stenosis after head and neck radiotherapy - an observational study of 156 survivors.

: Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a well-known predisposing factor for asymptomatic carotid artery lesions and acute cerebrovascular accidents. Our aim is to provide contemporary estimates on the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of carotid artery lesions in HNC survivors. : We prospectively included HNC patients who underwent radiotherapy and were free from the disease at the time of duplex ultrasound evaluation.

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Color Doppler ultrasound is the diagnostic cornerstone of vascular assessment. Almost all arteries and veins of the human body are accessible to this diagnostic imaging, which as a result is very often used as first-line diagnostic test. Recent technological developments in high-end ultrasound machines enable us to optimize image quality in color-coded duplex ultrasound of arteries and veins.

[Vascular Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasound in Practice: Artifacts].

Vascular Color-Coded Duplex Ultrasound in Practice: Artifacts Ultrasound artifacts are technical phenomena which may cause diagnostic mistakes and do not correlate with the real target organ. These optical and acoustic phenomena of color-coded duplex ultrasound are very common in the real world and may lead to misinterpretations and diagnostic errors. The twinkling artifact, for example, imitates high-flow velocities and turbulences, which may lead to the misdiagnosis of a high-grade stenosis or of vascularization.

[Non-Invasive Diagnostics of Arteriosclerotic Manifestations].

Arteriosclerosis is a generalized disease and manifests in different vascular regions: the most important manifestations are the coronary artery disease, the peripheral artery disease and the cerebrovascular arteriosclerosis. The challenges of modern ultrasound systems to detect early vascular damage are reviewed in this article. Colour coded duplex ultrasound is the first line method for screening and diagnostic imaging in vascular disease.

[Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for Surveillance after Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)].

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) for Surveillance after Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Abstract. Minimally invasive endovascular aneurysm repair is the most common technique for symptomatic and larger aortic aneurysms. Possible complications, e.

Non-invasive ultrasound-based imaging of atherosclerosis.

Early detection of vascular damage in atherosclerosis and accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk factors are the basis for appropriate treatment strategies in cardiovascular medicine. The current review focuses on non-invasive ultrasound-based methods for imaging of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is an accepted early manifestation of atherosclerosis.

Percutaneous sclerotherapy for spongiform venous malformations - analysis of patient-evaluated outcome and satisfaction.

Background: Congenital venous malformations are frequently treated with sclerotherapy. Primary treatment goal is to control the often size-related symptoms. Functional impairment and aesthetical aspects as well as satisfaction have rarely been evaluated.

Misdiagnosis of plexiform neurofibroma as venous malformation in pediatric patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) characteristics that reliably distinguish deep plexiform neurofibromas (PNFs) from venous malformations (VMs).

Methods: A database search was conducted for patients that were referred with a vascular anomaly but had a neurofibroma instead. Clinical and imaging features of patients with venous malformations as the most common referral diagnosis were compared to those with PNFs.