Sources and fate of dissolved sulphate, carbonate, and nitrate in groundwater of the temperate climate zone: a high-resolution multi-isotope (H, C, O, S) study in north-eastern Germany.

Different natural and anthropogenic drivers impact the groundwater in the catchment area of the southern Baltic Sea, north-eastern Germany. To understand the sources and fate of dissolved sulphate, carbonate, and nitrate on a regional scale, in the present study, the hydrogeochemical and multi-stable isotope (H, C, O, S) composition of groundwater samples from up to more than 300 sites (depths from near-surface down to 291 m) was studied. To investigate the element sources and the water-rock-microbe interaction processes that took place along the groundwater flow path, a mass balance approach is combined with physico-chemical modelling.

Complications in helmet therapy.

Objective: Helmet therapy is an established method to correct positional head deformity in early infancy. Side effects such as skin erythema or pressure sores are well known for helmet therapy, but not yet adequately discussed in current literature.

Patients And Methods: Retrospectively, all patient-sheets of infants treated by individual orthotic therapy in the years 2007 and 2008 were sighted and complications were noted.

Three-dimensional photographic analysis of outcome after helmet treatment of a nonsynostotic cranial deformity.

Cranial asymmetries due to nonsynostotic deformation of the skull have been reported with increasing frequency during the last decade. Conservative approaches using helmets and physiotherapy have been shown to be effective in their treatment. Traditionally, documentation has been carried out using anthropometric caliper measurements.

Evolution of photography in maxillofacial surgery: from analog to 3D photography - an overview.

In maxillofacial surgery, digital photographic documentation plays a crucial role in clinical routine. This paper gives an overview of the evolution from analog to digital in photography and highlights the integration of digital photography into daily medical routine. The digital workflow is described and we show that image quality is improved by systematic use of photographic equipment and post-processing of digital photographs.

Neuronal differentiation of transplanted embryonic stem cell-derived precursors in stroke lesions of adult rats.

Stroke represents one of the leading causes of death and disability in Western countries, but despite intense research, only few options exist for the treatment of stroke-related infarction of brain tissue. In experimental stroke, cell therapy can partly reverse some behavioural deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown as most studies revealed only little, if any, evidence for neuronal replacement and the observed behavioural improvements appeared to be related rather to a graft-derived induction of a positive response in the remaining host tissue than to cell replacement by the graft itself.