Three-dimensional force analysis of surgical manipulations at the long process of the incus.

Purpose: Surgical manipulation with application of inappropriate force may damage middle ear structures leading to hearing loss. This work analyzes the forces applied in simulated otosurgical exercises in a laboratory set-up by measuring the spatial components of applied forces with objective assessment criteria. With these criteria, the individual force characteristics applied by the surgeon can be quantified and an objective feedback can be given about their surgical maneuvers.

Experimental study on admissible forces at the incudomalleolar joint.

Hypothesis: The forces that cause rupture of the incudomalleolar joint during the fixation of stapedial prostheses can be determined by means of load-deflection measurements at the long process of the incus. As in other tissues, 3 ranges of forces can be defined: micro rupture, rupture, and short-term maximum.

Background: A crucial step in stapes surgery is the attachment of the stapedial prosthesis to the long process of the incus.