Computer-aided scoring of () gene amplification status in breast cancer.

Background: Identification of HER2 protein overexpression and/or amplification of the gene are required to qualify breast cancer patients for HER2 targeted therapies. hybridization (ISH) assays that identify gene amplification function as a stand-alone test for determination of HER2 status and rely on the manual quantification of the number of genes and copies of chromosome 17 to determine amplification.

Methods: To assist pathologists, we have developed the uPath HER2 Dual ISH Image Analysis for Breast (uPath HER2 DISH IA) algorithm, as an adjunctive aid in the determination of gene status in breast cancer specimens.

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC Predicts Panitumumab Benefit in Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: High tumor mRNA levels of the EGFR ligands amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin (EREG) are associated with anti-EGFR agent response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, ligand RNA assays have not been adopted into routine practice due to issues with analytic precision and practicality. We investigated whether AREG/EREG IHC could predict benefit from the anti-EGFR agent panitumumab.

Mitral annular velocity measurement with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using a novel annular tracking algorithm: Validation against echocardiography.

Background: Doppler based mitral annular velocities are an integral part of echocardiographic left ventricular diastolic function assessment. Although these measurements can be obtained by phase contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (PC-CMR), this approach has limitations. The aims of this study were to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of a high temporal resolution steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine acquisition coupled with semi-automated mitral annular tracking to measure tissue velocity, and compare to echocardiography as the reference method.

A non-invasive assessment of cardiopulmonary hemodynamics with MRI in pulmonary hypertension.

Purpose: We propose a method for non-invasive quantification of hemodynamic changes in the pulmonary arteries resulting from pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods: Using a two-element Windkessel model, and input parameters derived from standard MRI evaluation of flow, cardiac function and valvular motion, we derive: pulmonary artery compliance (C), mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), time-averaged intra-pulmonary pressure waveforms and pulmonary artery pressures (systolic (sPAP) and diastolic (dPAP)). MRI results were compared directly to reference standard values from right heart catheterization (RHC) obtained in a series of patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Assessment of cardiac motion effects on the fiber architecture of the human heart in vivo.

The use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for studying the human heart in vivo is very challenging due to cardiac motion. This paper assesses the effects of cardiac motion on the human myocardial fiber architecture. To this end, a model for analyzing the effects of cardiac motion on signal intensity is presented.

Motion correction for myocardial T1 mapping using image registration with synthetic image estimation.

Quantification of myocardial T1 relaxation has potential value in the diagnosis of both ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies. Image acquisition using the modified Look-Locker inversion recovery technique is clinically feasible for T1 mapping. However, respiratory motion limits its applicability and degrades the accuracy of T1 estimation.

Motion compensated magnetic resonance reconstruction using inverse-consistent deformable registration: application to real-time cine imaging.

Patient motion is a major limitation for magnetic resonance imaging. Recent theoretical advances incorporate explicit rigid and non-rigid motion compensation into conventional image reconstruction for multi-shot acquisitions and recover motion-free images by solving a general matrix inversion problem. Although the theory has been established, applications are rare due to the challenges of estimating motion field for every pixel of every shot.

Registration of cardiac SPECT/CT data through weighted intensity co-occurrence priors.

The introduction of hybrid scanners has greatly increased the popularity of molecular imaging techniques. Many clinical applications benefit from combining complementary information based on the precise alignment of the two modalities. In case the alignment is inaccurate, then this crucial assumption often made for subsequent processing steps will be violated.

Learning based non-rigid multi-modal image registration using Kullback-Leibler divergence.

The need for non-rigid multi-modal registration is becoming increasingly common for many clinical applications. To date, however, existing proposed techniques remain as largely academic research effort with very few methods being validated for clinical product use. It has been suggested by Crum et al.