Beyond PD-L1-Identification of Further Potential Therapeutic Targets in Oral Cancer.

Background: The involvement of immune cell infiltration and immune regulation in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is shown. Anti-PD-1 therapy is approved for the treatment of advanced OSCC cases, but not all patients respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hence, further targets for therapeutic approaches are needed.

Pedicled buccal flaps as a backup procedure for intraoral reconstruction.

Background: Intraoral soft tissue deficiency and impaired wound beds are common problems after cleft and tumour surgery or after dental trauma. Frequently, limited defects are overtreated with extensive microvascular reconstruction procedures, but pedicled flaps remain useful, as they are simple to harvest, and they provide a reliable outcome. The buccal flap, first described in the 1970s, has been used for palatine lengthening in cleft patients over decades.

Importance of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis for Malignant Transformation and Risk Assessment of Oral Leukoplakia.

Background: The programmed cell death ligand 1/programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) Immune Checkpoint is an important modulator of the immune response. Overexpression of the receptor and its ligands is involved in immunosuppression and the failure of an immune response against tumor cells. PD-1/PD-L1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to healthy oral mucosa (NOM) has already been demonstrated.

PD1 expression and correlation with its ligands in oral cancer specimens and peripheral blood.

Objectives: This study analyzed the expression of the PD1 receptor in tumor tissue and peripheral blood of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, and correlated it with the PD1 ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. The currently low response rates of checkpoint inhibitor treatment in OSCC could be increased by a better understanding of immune checkpoint biology. Despite evidence in the literature for upregulation of PD1 checkpoint ligands in OSCC tissue, there has been no correlation analysis of the PD1 receptor with its ligands in tissue specimens and peripheral blood of OSCC patients.

Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia is associated with macrophage polarization.

Background: Most oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) occur on the basis of oral leukoplakias (OLP). The histologic degree of dysplasia is insufficient for the prediction of OLP malignant transformation. Immunologic parameters are gaining importance for prognostic assessment and therapy of cancer.

MAGE-A expression in oral and laryngeal leukoplakia predicts malignant transformation.

Leukoplakia is a potential precursor of oral as well as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Risk assessment of malignant transformation based on the grade of dysplasia of leukoplakia often does not lead to reliable results. However, oral squamous cell carcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and leukoplakia express single or multiple members of the melanoma-associated antigens A (MAGE-A) family, while MAGE-A are absent in healthy mucosal tissue.

Prognostic significance of PD-L2 expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma-A comparison to the PD-L1 expression profile.

Background: Despite the observed association of increased PD-L1 expression in peripheral blood of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with histomorphologic parameters, the role of the PD1 ligands-PD-L1 and PD-L2-is insufficiently understood. Aim of the study was to investigate whether the alterations of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in blood are associated with survival and could serve as immune monitoring parameter. Moreover, it should be analyzed if PD-L2 is differentially expressed in tissue and blood samples of OSCC patients compared to healthy controls and if there is an association of PD-L2 expression with histomorphologic and prognostic tumor parameters.

The altered expression levels of miR-186, miR-494 and miR-3651 in OSCC tissue vary from those of the whole blood of OSCC patients.

Background: Altered expressions of miR-186, miR-494 and miR-3651 in whole blood of OSCC patients have already been demonstrated. However, nothing is known about their expression in tumor tissues. This study aimed at evaluating differences in miRNA expression in OSCC tissues compared to healthy oral mucosa and at checking if the altered expression is reflected in corresponding blood.

PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue and peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Immune checkpoints like programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are involved in immune escape mechanisms of solid tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Inhibitors of the pathway are successfully used for treating especially advanced disease. However, the physiological relevance of PD-1/PD-L1-signaling in OSCC is insufficiently understood.

Prognostic significance of altered miRNA expression in whole blood of OSCC patients.

Currently, there is a lack of blood markers for the detection of recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to investigate whether the aberrant expression of single microRNAs (miRNAs) in whole blood of patients could serve as a biomarker for persistent or recurrent OSCC. Whole blood of 2 groups of formerly treated OSCC patients was investigated by RT-qPCR for their circulating miRNA profiles.

Peri-implant defect regeneration in the diabetic pig: A preclinical study.

Objectives: The study aims to establish a peri-implant dehiscence-type bone defect in a diabetic animal model of human bone repair and to quantify the influence of diabetes on peri-implant bone regeneration.

Material And Methods: Experimental diabetes was induced in three domestic pigs by streptozotocin. Three animals served as healthy controls.

Alterations in miRNA expression patterns in whole blood of OSCC patients.

Background/aim: Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression in blood of cancer patients is a common finding. The present study aimed at evaluating the differences in miRNA expression in whole blood samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients compared to healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: Microarray based miRNA profiling was performed on whole blood samples of 20 OSCC patients and 20 healthy volunteers and the differences in expression patterns between the two groups were evaluated.

miR-186, miR-3651 and miR-494: potential biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma extracted from whole blood.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in the whole blood of patients suffering from different types of cancer. Collection of whole blood samples is a minimally invasive procedure. To date, little is known concerning the altered miRNA expression in patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).