Postprandial glycemic response to a high-protein diabetes-specific nutritional shake compared to isocaloric instant oatmeal in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.

Introduction: Minimizing postprandial glucose response is an important goal for overall diabetes management. Diabetes-specific nutritional shakes (DSNS) have been clinically shown to minimize postprandial glucose response in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to high-glycemic foods. However, it is unknown how a high-protein, low-fat DSNS impacts the GLP-1 response.

Immunogenicity, Efficacy, and Safety of Biosimilar Insulin Glargine (Gan & Lee Glargine) Compared With Originator Insulin Glargine (Lantus) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes After 26 Weeks Treatment.

Objective: To compare the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of Gan & Lee insulin glargine (GL Glargine) with that of the originator insulin glargine (Lantus) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, open-label, equivalence study. Five hundred seventy-six subjects with T1DM were randomized 1:1 to receive either GL Glargine or Lantus treatment for 26 weeks.

Immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of biosimilar insulin glargine (Gan & Lee glargine) compared with originator insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 2 diabetes after 26 weeks' treatment: A randomized open label study.

Aim: To evaluate the equivalence of immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of Gan & Lee (GL) Glargine (Basalin®; Gan & Lee Pharmaceutical) with that of the reference product (Lantus®) in adult participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a phase 3, multicenter, open-label, equivalence trial conducted across 57 sites. In total, 567 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to undergo treatment with either GL Glargine or Lantus® for 26 weeks.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Consensus Statement: Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm - 2023 Update.

Objective: This consensus statement provides (1) visual guidance in concise graphic algorithms to assist with clinical decision-making of health care professionals in the management of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve patient care and (2) a summary of details to support the visual guidance found in each algorithm.

Methods: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) selected a task force of medical experts who updated the 2020 AACE Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm based on the 2022 AACE Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan and consensus of task force authors.

Results: This algorithm for management of persons with type 2 diabetes includes 11 distinct sections: (1) Principles for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes; (2) Complications-Centric Model for the Care of Persons with Overweight/Obesity; (3) Prediabetes Algorithm; (4) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Algorithm: Dyslipidemia; (5) Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Algorithm: Hypertension; (6) Complications-Centric Algorithm for Glycemic Control; (7) Glucose-Centric Algorithm for Glycemic Control; (8) Algorithm for Adding/Intensifying Insulin; (9) Profiles of Antihyperglycemic Medications; (10) Profiles of Weight-Loss Medications (new); and (11) Vaccine Recommendations for Persons with Diabetes Mellitus (new), which summarizes recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the U.

L-Methylfolate in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Narrative Review.

Objective: One of the most frequently occurring complications of diabetes mellitus is peripheral neuropathy. Despite the painful symptoms associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the current treatment landscape focuses on managing symptoms without addressing the underlying causes of DPN. This narrative review describes the mechanistic effects and clinical trial data supporting the use of L-methylfolate calcium (LMF), the bioactive form of folate, which is available in the United States as a prescription medical food that also contains other B vitamins for the dietary management of DPN.

The syndromic triad of COVID-19, type 2 diabetes, and malnutrition.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges our collective understanding of transmission, prevention, complications, and clinical management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Risk factors for severe infection, morbidity, and mortality are associated with age, environment, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and interventional timing. Clinical investigations report an intriguing association of COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus and malnutrition but incompletely describe the triphasic relationship, its mechanistic pathways, and potential therapeutic approaches to address each malady and their underlying metabolic disorders.

POINT: Artificial Sweeteners and Obesity-Not the Solution and Potentially a Problem.

Objective: Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) have been widely implemented as replacements for naturally occurring sugars in a wide array of foods, beverages, and non-consumables for the sake of reducing calories. The use of these products, whether naturally occurring or manufactured, have become commonplace and accepted as de facto beneficial. This point argues that rigorous analysis of the available data do not confirm benefit and indeed suggest harm.

Optimal Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Addressing the Barriers to Albuminuria Testing.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a sensitive and early indicator of kidney damage, which should be used routinely to accurately assess CKD stage and monitor kidney health. However, this test currently is performed in only a minority of patients with T2D.

Practical Insights Into Improving Adherence to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Adherence to metformin-based treatment regimens for type 2 diabetes is currently suboptimal due to a complex array of patient-, treatment-, and physician-related barriers, including physical and psychological swallowing difficulties associated with large tablets and gastrointestinal disturbances. Patients often avoid discussing these issues with their primary care providers, and delays in addressing them can lead to reduced glycemic control. This article reviews the issues commonly responsible for poor adherence to metformin and presents strategies to improve compliance, including shared decision-making and the use of different metformin formulations, including liquid metformin.

Seasonal Variation of Orofacial Clefts.

Background: Orofacial clefts represent the most common craniofacial malformation diagnosed at birth and may be divided into isolated cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CL/P), or isolated cleft palate (CP). The causes of orofacial clefts have long been understood to be multifactorial; however, research into the genetic and environmental factors underpinning these disorders in African populations is scant. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of orofacial clefts was investigated.

The Meanings of Helping: An Analysis of Cystic Fibrosis Patients' Reasons for Participating in Biomedical Research.

Research participants often report wanting to help as a reason for participation, but who they want to help and why is rarely explored. We examined meanings associated with helping among 21 adults with cystic fibrosis (CF)-a group with high participation in research. Meanings included helping to advance research, helping others with CF, helping as their job, helping themselves, helping because they are special, and helping to give back.

If you build it, they will come: unintended future uses of organised health data collections.

Background: Health research increasingly relies on organized collections of health data and biological samples. There are many types of sample and data collections that are used for health research, though these are collected for many purposes, not all of which are health-related. These collections exist under different jurisdictional and regulatory arrangements and include: 1) Population biobanks, cohort studies, and genome databases 2) Clinical and public health data 3) Direct-to-consumer genetic testing 4) Social media 5) Fitness trackers, health apps, and biometric data sensors Ethical, legal, and social challenges of such collections are well recognized, but there has been limited attention to the broader societal implications of the existence of these collections.

Clinical importance of achieving biochemical control with medical therapy in adult patients with acromegaly.

In acromegaly, achieving biochemical control (growth hormone [GH] level <1.0 ng/mL and age- and sex-normalized levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) through timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment provides an opportunity to improve patient outcomes. Diagnosis of acromegaly is challenging because it is rooted in observing subtle clinical manifestations, and it is typical for acromegaly to evolve for up to 10 years before it is recognized.

Heuristic decision-making about research participation in children with cystic fibrosis.

Rationale: Traditional perspectives on informed consent assume that when faced with decisions about whether to participate in research, individuals behave according to principles of classical rationality, taking into account all available information to weigh risks and benefits to come to a decision that is optimal for them. However, theoretical and empirical research in psychology suggests that people may not make decisions in this way. Less is known about decision-making processes as they pertain to participating in biomedical research, particularly when the participants are children.

Facebook use among early-career veterinarians in Ontario, Canada (March to May 2010).

Objective: To explore the nature and content of information publicly posted to Facebook by early-career veterinarians.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Sample-352 early-career veterinarians.

Role of teriparatide in accelerating metatarsal stress fracture healing: a case series and review of literature.

Bone fractures are one of the leading causes of emergency room visits worldwide, with approximately 8 million bony fractures occurring annually in the US alone. Although the majority of fractures do not cause significant long-term morbidity and mortality, approximately 10% of these fractures result in impaired fracture healing, drastically affecting quality of life in affected patients. By increasing bone formation, teriparatide, an anabolic agent used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, has shown promise in accelerating the rate of fracture healing.

Teaching veterinary professionalism in the Face(book) of change.

Facebook has been identified as the preferred social networking site among postsecondary students. Repeated findings in the social networking literature have suggested that postsecondary students practice high personal self-disclosure on Facebook and tend not to use privacy settings that would limit public access. This study identified and reviewed Facebook profiles for 805 veterinarians-in-training enrolled at four veterinary colleges across Canada.

Superior pedicle breast reduction for hypertrophy with massive ptosis.

Breast hypertrophy, combined with massive ptosis with a suprasternal notch-to-nipple distance of more than 40 cm, remains an endeavour. Different refinements of the initial technique with free nipple grafts have been described to circumvent the problems of nipple underprojection, areolar hypopigmentation and loss of sensibility secondary to nipple grafting, as well as lacking breast projection due to scarce glandular tissue. Techniques relying on nipple areola complex transposition, rather than grafting, have been described with inferior, superomedial and medial pedicles.

A novel anthropometric chart for craniofacial surgery.

Various indices and measurements of the growing cranial vault exist, but there is no single head-shape chart specific to craniofacial surgery. The authors have produced a reliable head-shape chart that will enable accurate charting of patients with craniosynostosis both in the preoperative and postoperative period.One thousand eighty-two participants were used to obtain normal anthropometric measurements, specifically the ear-to-ear measurement and the glabella-to-external occipital protuberance measurement.

More information than you ever wanted: does Facebook bring out the green-eyed monster of jealousy?

The social network site Facebook is a rapidly expanding phenomenon that is changing the nature of social relationships. Anecdotal evidence, including information described in the popular media, suggests that Facebook may be responsible for creating jealousy and suspicion in romantic relationships. The objectives of the present study were to explore the role of Facebook in the experience of jealousy and to determine if increased Facebook exposure predicts jealousy above and beyond personal and relationship factors.

Hemipalate deformity caused by a teratoma.

Congenital intraoral tumors derived from embryological germ layers are very rare. These lesions include teratomas, dermoids, epignathi, and teratoid tumors. These embryological neoplasms may interfere with normal development and elevation of the palatal shelves, resulting in a cleft palate.

Information disclosure and control on Facebook: are they two sides of the same coin or two different processes?

Facebook, the popular social network site, is changing the nature of privacy and the consequences of information disclosure. Despite recent media reports regarding the negative consequences of disclosing information on social network sites such as Facebook, students are generally thought to be unconcerned about the potential costs of this disclosure. The current study explored undergraduate students' information disclosure and information control on Facebook and the personality factors that influence levels of disclosure and control.

The ultimate straight line repair for unilateral cleft lips.

The straight line repair for unilateral cleft lips developed following the negative long term objective and subjective findings in a group of patients whose defects were repaired using the Millard technique. No revisional surgery had been undertaken. The straight line procedure achieves the aims of a cleft lip repair.