Nutrient use and methane emissions in growing beef fed different protein sources and a pasture-based diet.

This study investigated the effects of different protein sources on feed intake, nutrient, and energy utilization, growth performance, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in growing beef cattle, also evaluated against a pasture-based diet. Thirty-two Holstein × Angus growing beef were allocated to four dietary treatments: a total mixed ration (TMR) including solvent-extracted soybean meal as the main protein source (SB; n = 8), TMR with local brewers' spent grains (BSG; n = 8), TMR with local field beans (BNS; n = 8), and a diet consisting solely of fresh-cut Italian ryegrass (GRA; n = 8). Every four weeks, animals were moved to digestibility stalls within respiration chambers to measure nutrient intakes, energy and nitrogen (N) utilization, and enteric CH4 emissions.

ESKAPE pathogens rapidly develop resistance against antibiotics in development in vitro.

Despite ongoing antibiotic development, evolution of resistance may render candidate antibiotics ineffective. Here we studied in vitro emergence of resistance to 13 antibiotics introduced after 2017 or currently in development, compared with in-use antibiotics. Laboratory evolution showed that clinically relevant resistance arises within 60 days of antibiotic exposure in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, priority Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens.

Genetic epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Cyprus: a population-based study.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, uniformly lethal degenerative disease of motor neurons, presenting with relentlessly progressive muscle atrophy and weakness. More than fifty genes carrying causative or disease-modifying variants have been identified since the 1990s, when the first ALS-associated variant in the gene SOD1 was discovered. The most commonly mutated ALS genes in the European populations include the C9orf72, SOD1, TARDBP and FUS.

Prevalence of Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment in World Trade Center Exposed Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) and General Emergency Responders.

Background: The emergency personnel who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks endured severe occupational exposures, yet the prevalence of cognitive impairment remains unknown among WTC-exposed-FDNY-responders. The present study screened for mild and severe cognitive impairment in WTC-exposed FDNY responders using objective tests, compared prevalence rates to a cohort of non-FDNY WTC-exposed responders, and descriptively to meta-analytic estimates of MCI from global, community, and clinical populations.

Methods: A sample of WTC-exposed-FDNY responders (n = 343) was recruited to complete an extensive battery of cognitive, psychological, and physical tests.

Hypochlorous acid induces a redox-dependent growth of C2C12 myoblasts.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a reactive chlorine species generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase present in phagocytes. HOCl plays a vital role in inflammation and has been linked to tissue regeneration through redox signalling, however, the relevant evidence is rather scarce. The present investigation aimed to study the effects of HOCl on the growth of C2C12 myoblasts and its association with alterations of cellular redox profile.

Real-World Treatment Patterns in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Greece: The PROSPECT Study.

Introduction: Real-world data on management of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with novel therapies is sparse. The aim of this study was to capture real-world management strategies in patients with mCRPC who initiated first line (1L) systemic therapy with chemotherapy or novel hormonal agents (NHAs) in Greece and describe the therapeutic sequencing strategy among patients who advanced to 2L and 3L treatment.

Patients And Methods: In this noninterventional, multicentre, retrospective study (PROSPECT), a medical chart review of 149 patients with mCRPC who initiated 1L systemic therapy with chemotherapy or NHAs in 7 major anticancer hospital clinics, from public, academic, and private sectors in Greece was conducted.

Egg Extract Protects against Human Stem Cell Stress-Induced Premature Senescence.

Cellular senescence is a tightly regulated pathophysiologic process and is caused by replicative exhaustion or external stressors. Since naturally derived bioactive compounds with anti-ageing properties have recently captured scientific interest, we analysed the anti-ageing and antioxidant efficacy of egg extract (CAEE). Its effects on stemness, wound-healing properties, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and DNA damage repair ability of Human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were analysed.

Orally Administered Drugs and Their Complicated Relationship with Our Gastrointestinal Tract.

Orally administered compounds represent the great majority of all pharmaceutical compounds produced for human use and are the most popular among patients since they are practical and easy to self-administer. Following ingestion, orally administered drugs begin a "perilous" journey down the gastrointestinal tract and their bioavailability is modulated by numerous factors. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract anatomy can modulate drug bioavailability and accounts for interpatient drug response heterogeneity.

The Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Probiotic and Postbiotic Yeast Products on Ewes Milk Performance and Immune Oxidative Status.

The administration of yeast products as feed additives has been proven to beneficially affect animal productivity through energy, oxidative, and immune status improvement. This study evaluated a combination of live yeast (LY) with yeast postbiotics (rich in mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) and beta-glucans) and selenium (Se)-enriched yeast on ewes' milk performance and milk quality, energy and oxidative status, and gene expression related to their immune system during the peripartum period. Ewes were fed a basal diet (BD; F:C = 58:42 prepartum and 41:59 postpartum) including inorganic Se (CON; = 27), the BD supplemented with a LY product, and inorganic Se (AC; = 29), as well as the combination of the LY, a product of yeast fraction rich in MOS and beta-glucans, and organic-Se-enriched yeast (ACMAN; = 26) from 6 weeks prepartum to 6 weeks postpartum.

The influence of environmental risk factors in the development of ALS in the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, uniformly lethal degenerative disease of motor neurons, presenting with relentlessly progressive muscle atrophy and weakness. The etiology of ALS remains unexplained for over 85% of all cases, suggesting that besides the genetic basis of the disease, various environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of known environmental risk factors of ALS in the Cypriot population.

Unraveling the transcriptomic signatures of Parkinson's disease and major depression using single-cell and bulk data.

Background: Motor symptoms are well-characterized in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, non-motor symptoms, such as depression, are commonly observed and can appear up to 10 years before motor features, resulting in one-third of individuals being misdiagnosed with a neuropsychiatric disorder. Thus, identifying diagnostic biomarkers is crucial for accurate PD diagnosis during its prodromal or early stages.

Cognizant Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Incorporating Seamlessly Integrated Sensing and Computing Circuitry.

Structural fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials consisting of a polymer matrix reinforced with layers of high-strength fibers are used in numerous applications, including but not limited to spacecraft, vehicles, buildings, and bridges. Researchers in the past few decades have suggested the necessary integration of sensors (e.g.

Serum Reactive Antibodies against the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor NR2 Subunit-Could They Act as Potential Biomarkers?

Synaptic dysfunction and disrupted communication between neuronal and glial cells play an essential role in the underlying mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Earlier studies have revealed the importance of glutamate receptors, particularly the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, in excitotoxicity, leading to abnormal synaptic transmission and damage of neurons. Our study aimed to determine whether antibodies to the NR2 subunit of NMDAR are detected in MS patients and evaluate the correlation between antibody presence and clinical outcome.

Development of the Refugees and Asylum Seekers Occupational Satisfaction (RASOS) Assessment Tool.

The objective of this study was to develop an occupation-centered and client-centered assessment tool for refugees and asylum seekers. A preliminary tool outline was produced based on a literature review, while considering previous published tools' strengths and limitations. A qualitative study was undertaken via focus groups to improve on the tool's design and adequacy for its purpose, resulting in the creation of a pilot version of the tool.

A novel mixing rule model to predict the flowability of directly compressed pharmaceutical blends.

In the pharmaceutical industry, powder flowability is an essential manufacturability attribute to consider when selecting the suitable manufacturing route and formulation. The selection of the formulation is usually based on the physical and chemical properties of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) under consideration. Current industrial practice heavily relies on experimental work, which often results in significant labor and API consumption that results in higher costs.

Copy Number Variations (CNVs) Account for 10.8% of Pathogenic Variants in Patients Referred for Hereditary Cancer Testing.

Background/aim: Germline copy number variation (CNV) is a type of genetic variant that predisposes significantly to inherited cancers. Today, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have contributed to multi gene panel analysis in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2,163 patients were screened for cancer susceptibility, using a solution-based capture method.

AAV9-mediated SH3TC2 gene replacement therapy targeted to Schwann cells for the treatment of CMT4C.

Type 4C Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT4C) demyelinating neuropathy is caused by autosomal recessive SH3TC2 gene mutations. SH3TC2 is highly expressed in myelinating Schwann cells. CMT4C is a childhood-onset progressive disease without effective treatment.

Aetiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and the Role of Genetic Host Factors in Hospitalized Patients in Cyprus.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains the leading cause of hospitalization among infectious disease in Europe, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In order to determine and characterize the aetiology of CAP in hospitalized adults in Cyprus, respiratory and blood samples were obtained from hospitalized patients with CAP, and analyzed using Multiplex Real-Time PCR/RT-PCR, and ID/AMR enrichment panel (RPIP) analysis. Probe-based allelic discrimination was used to investigate genetic host factors in patients.

A Comparison of Two Analytical Approaches for the Quantification of Neurofilament Light Chain, a Biomarker of Axonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL), is a neuron-specific cytoskeletal protein detected in extracellular fluid following axonal damage. Extensive research has focused on NfL quantification in CSF, establishing it as a prognostic biomarker of disability progression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Our study used a new commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit and Single Molecular Array (Simoa) advanced technology to assess serum NfL levels in MS patients and Healthy Controls (HC).

A Multiple change-point detection framework on linguistic characteristics of real versus fake news articles.

Extracting information from textual data of news articles has been proven to be significant in developing efficient fake news detection systems. Pointedly, to fight disinformation, researchers concentrated on extracting information which focuses on exploiting linguistic characteristics that are common in fake news and can aid in detecting false content automatically. Even though these approaches were proven to have high performance, the research community proved that both the language as well as the word use in literature are evolving.

A Preclinical Investigation on the Role of IgG Antibodies against Coagulant Components in Multiple Sclerosis.

The coagulation-inflammation interplay has recently been identified as a critical risk factor in the early onset of multiple sclerosis (MS), and antibodies against coagulation components have been recognized as contributing factors to thrombotic and inflammatory signaling pathways in diseases with overlapping symptoms to MS, paving the way for further research into their effects on MS pathology. The current study aimed to enlighten the role of IgG antibodies against coagulation components by performing a preclinical study, analyzing the astrocytic activation by purified IgG antibodies derived from 15 MS patients, and assessing their possible pro-inflammatory effects using a bead-based multiplexed immunoassay system. The results were compared with those obtained following astrocyte treatment with samples from 14 age- and gender-matched healthy donors, negative for IgG antibody presence.

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses following BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals with multiple sclerosis receiving different disease-modifying treatments.

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the concentration of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike1 protein (S1RBD) in BNT162b2- vaccinated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) individuals receiving disease-modifying treatments (DMTs).

Methods: Serum from 126 RRMS volunteers was collected 3 months after the administration of the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Additional samples were analyzed after the administration of the booster dose in fingolimod- treated MS.