Oral Health and nutritional status in nursing home residents-results of an explorative cross-sectional pilot study.

Background: This study was performed to assess oral and nutritional status of nursing home residents in a region of Lower Saxony, Germany. The aim was to show potential associations between oral status (dentate or edentulous), further anamnestic factors (dementia, age, smoking) and the risk for malnutrition in this population.

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional pilot study of residents from four nursing homes Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Body-Mass-Index (BMI), dental status (DMF-T) and periodontal situation (PSR/PSI) were recorded.

What Do Physician Assistant Students Know About Nutrition? A Survey of Attitudes, Self-Perceived Proficiency, and Knowledge During Three Stages of Physician Assistant Education.

Purpose: This study applied a cross-sectional design and analyzed the nutrition knowledge and attitudes of physician assistant (PA) students during 3 stages of PA education.

Methods: The PA students from the class of 2014, 2015, and 2016 attending a midwestern university were surveyed using Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance tests were performed to determine the difference between the 3 cohorts on "previous nutrition knowledge," "attitudes," and "knowledge" subscores and total scores.

Trimetallaborides as starting points for the syntheses of large metal-rich molecular borides and clusters.

Treatment of an anionic dimanganaborylene complex ([{Cp(CO)Mn}B]) with coinage metal cations stabilized by a very weakly coordinating Lewis base (SMe) led to the coordination of the incoming metal and subsequent displacement of dimethylsulfide in the formation of hexametalladiborides featuring planar four-membered MB cores (M = Cu, Au) comparable to transition metal clusters constructed around four-membered rings composed solely of coinage metals. The analogies between compounds consisting of BM units and M (M = Cu, Au) units speak to the often overlooked metalloid nature of boron. Treatment of one of these compounds (M = Cu) with a Lewis-basic metal fragment (Pt(PCy)) led to the formation of a tetrametallaboride featuring two manganese, one copper and one platinum atom, all bound to boron in a geometry not yet seen for this kind of compound.

Activation of boryl-, borylene and metalloborylene complexes by isonitriles.

The reactions of isonitriles with a variety of metalloboryl and metalloborylene species are shown to yield a range of products, none of which display the typical Lewis acid-base reactivity previously observed between such metal complexes and other Lewis bases. Insertions of one, or several, isonitriles into the metal-boron bond give cyclic and spiro compounds with bonding controlled by the electron count at the metal and in the ring.

Synthesis and characterization of a mercury-containing trimetalloboride.

The reaction of phenylmercuric chloride with an anionic dimanganese borylene (Li(+)[Cp2(CO)4Mn2B](-)) led to the formation of a trimetalloboride featuring the first reported bond between mercury and a non-cluster boron atom. Examination by (199)Hg NMR indicated (11)B-(199)Hg scalar coupling. Theoretical calculations indicated the nature of bonding to be σ-donation from a B-Mn π-orbital to Hg, in conjunction with weak Hgd→π* back-donation.

Current concepts on integrative safety assessment of active substances of botanical, mineral or chemical origin in homeopathic medicinal products within the European regulatory framework.

For active substances of botanical, mineral or chemical origin processed in homeopathic medicinal products for human use, the adequate safety principles as with other human medicinal products are applied in line with the European regulatory framework. In homeopathy, nonclinical safety assessment is facing a particular challenge because of a multitude and diversity of source materials used and due to rarely available toxicological data. Thus, current concepts applied by the national regulatory authority in Germany (BfArM) on integrative safety assessment of raw materials used in homeopathic medicinal products involve several evaluation approaches like the use of the Lowest Human Recommended Dose (LHRD), toxicological limit values, Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC), data from food regulation or the consideration of unavoidable environmental or dietary background exposure.

Quaternizing diboranes(4): highly divergent outcomes and an inorganic Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement.

Apart from a few compounds under heavy use in organic chemistry, diboranes are relatively exotic and poorly understood. Recently, interest in these molecules has intensified with the advent of so-called "sp(2)-sp(3)" diboranes which exhibit useful reactivity toward organic substrates. In our hands, addition of Lewis bases to dihalodiorganyl diboranes(4) has previously shown some very surprising reactivity, including a substituent exchange between the boron atoms, and diboranes in which halide atoms bridge the B-B bond.