Blended police firearms training improves performance in shoot/don't shoot scenarios: a systematic replication with police cadets.

Senior police officers' tactical gaze control and visual attention improve with an individual video-based police firearms training. To validate the efficacy of said intervention training, a previous experiment was systematically replicated with a sample of = 52 second-year police cadets. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention training that focused on situational awareness, tactical gaze control, and visual attention, or an active control training that addressed traditional marksmanship skills.

When failure is not an option: a police firearms training concept for improving decision-making in shoot/don't shoot scenarios.

Sometimes, policing requires a quick and correct assessment of potentially hazardous situations. The training of tactical gaze control and visual attention, and its positive impact on efficient shoot/don't shoot decisions in police cadets' use of firearms has recently been demonstrated. On this basis, we designed an individual videobased police firearms training that was grounded on the Four-Component Instructional Design Model (4C/ID).

The concept of "Work-Life-Blending": a systematic review.

Work-Life Blending refers to the permeability and dissolution of boundaries between work and personal life, bringing these domains closer together. However, a comprehensive, holistic definition or conceptualisation of Work-Life-Blending is currently lacking. This research aims to address this gap by conducting a systematic literature review to define and clarify the concept.

Shoot or Don't Shoot? Tactical Gaze Control and Visual Attention Training Improves Police Cadets' Decision-Making Performance in Live-Fire Scenarios.

Police officers often encounter potentially dangerous situations in which they strongly rely on their ability to identify threats quickly and react accordingly. Previous studies have shown that practical experience and targeted training significantly improve threat detection time and decision-making performance in law enforcement situations. We applied 90-min traditional firearms training as a control condition (35 participants) and a specifically developed intervention training (25 participants) to police cadets.

Temporal persistence of after-effects in the n-1 replication task.

In line with the theory of event coding, many studies on tool use show that perceived visual and haptic information interacts with action execution. In two experiments, we investigated the temporal persistence of after-effects within an event file, and after-effects in temporally overlapping event files with the n-1 replication task. Each trial consisted of two phases: In phase 1, participants moved a cursor with a pen on a covered tablet while a gain varied the relation between hand and cursor amplitude (Experiment 1).

Visual target distance, but not visual cursor path length produces shifts in motor behavior.

When using tools effects in body space and distant space often do not correspond. Findings so far demonstrated that in this case visual feedback has more impact on action control than proprioceptive feedback. The present study varies the dimensional overlap between visual and proprioceptive action effects and investigates its impact on aftereffects in motor responses.

Intra- and intermodal integration of discrepant visual and proprioceptive action effects.

Integration of discrepant visual and proprioceptive action effects puts high demands on the human information processing system. The present study aimed to examine the integration mechanisms for the motor (Exp. 1) and visual modality (Exp.

Age effects on controlling tools with sensorimotor transformations.

Controlling tools in technical environments bears a lot of challenges for the human information processing system, as locations of tool manipulation and effect appearance are spatially separated, and distal action effects are often not generated in a 1:1 manner. In this study we investigated the susceptibility of older adults to distal action effects. Younger and older participants performed a Fitts' task on a digitizer tablet without seeing their hand and the tablet directly.

Sleep quality and cognitive function in healthy old age: the moderating role of subclinical depression.

Objective: Previous research has yielded inconclusive results on the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and cognitive performance in healthy old age. Discrepant findings have been reported regarding processing speed and attention, executive functions, and episodic memory. However, sleep quality has also been found to be related to cognitive performance in patients with depression.

Plasticity of verbal fluency in older adults: a 90-minute telephone-based intervention.

Background: There is evidence for specific age-related deficits in tasks of verbal fluency.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate training and transfer effects after 3 weeks of telephone-based verbal fluency training in old age.

Methods: Participants were assigned to one of three training groups, an active control group, or a no-contact control group.

Perceiving One's Own Limb Movements with Conflicting Sensory Feedback: The Role of Mode of Movement Control and Age.

Previous studies have demonstrated a great uncertainty in evaluating one's own voluntary actions when visual feedback is suspended. We now compare these limitations in younger and older adults during active or passive limb movements. Participants put their dominant hand on a robot arm and performed movements actively or the relaxed limb was moved passively.

Mirrored visual feedback limits distal effect anticipation.

Modern tools in technological environments are often characterized by a spatial separation of hand actions (operating a remote control) and their intended action effects (displayed movements of an unmanned vehicle, a robot, or an avatar on a screen). Often non-corresponding proximal and distal movement effects put high demands on the human information processing system. The present study aimed to investigate how modern technological environments influence processes of planning and controlling actions.

Plasticity of prospective memory through a familiarization intervention in old adults.

Younger adults consistently outperform older adults in laboratory prospective memory tasks. This study examines the effectiveness of an intervention that familiarizes older adults with the sequence of ongoing events to compensate their reduced prospective memory performance. We compared performance and electrophysiological measures of an intervention group (N = 20, 69-83 years) receiving a familiarization intervention to an individually matched control group (N = 20).

Action control while seeing mirror images of one's own movements: effects of perspective on spatial compatibility.

It is examined whether and how the perspective of seeing one's own movements exerted an influence on action control. Such change in the perspective challenges an information processor, as she or he has to handle successfully the discrepancies between the tactile/proprioceptive feedback and the visual feedback on a projection screen. In the experiments participants responded to visual stimuli, but saw their responses either from the top or with an x-axis reflection, a y-axis reflection, or a reflection about both axes.

Perceiving one's own movements when using a tool.

The present study examined what participants perceive of their hand movements when using a tool. In the experiments different gains for either the x-axis or the y-axis perturbed the relation between hand movements on a digitizer tablet and cursor movements on a display. As a consequence of the perturbation participants drew circles on the display while their covered hand movements followed either vertical or horizontal ellipses on the digitizer tablet.

Interacting with notebook input devices: an analysis of motor performance and users' expertise.

In the present study the usability of two different types of notebook input devices was examined. The independent variables were input device (touchpad vs. mini-joystick) and user expertise (expert vs.