Upadacitinib for Induction of Remission in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: An International Multi‑center Study.

Background And Aims: Data on upadacitinib therapy in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) or unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U) are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib as an induction therapy in pediatric UC or IBD-U.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, children treated with upadacitinib for induction of remission of active UC or IBD-U from 30 centers worldwide were enrolled.

Longitudinal Fecal Microbiota Profiles in A Cohort of Non-Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults with COVID-19: Associations with SARS-CoV-2 Status and Long-Term Fatigue.

Adolescents most often experience mild acute COVID-19, but may still face fatigue and persistent symptoms such as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and post-infective fatigue syndrome (PIFS). We explored the fecal microbiota of SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative non-hospitalized adolescents and young adults (12-25 years of age) in the "Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 in Adolescents" (LoTECA) project, a longitudinal observational cohort study. With a targeted qPCR approach, the quantities of 100 fecal bacterial taxa were measured at baseline (early convalescent stage) in 145 SARS-CoV-2-positive and 32 SARS-CoV-2 negative participants and after six months in 107 of the SARS-CoV-2-positive and 19 of the SARS-CoV-2 negative participants.

Infantile and Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: This study described disease characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients diagnosed with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) (diagnosed before 6 years of age) and infantile-IBD (before 2 years).

Methods: Cases from 21 centers worldwide diagnosed with VEOIBD (2008-2018), with minimum 2 years of follow-up, were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The cohort included 243 patients (52% males, median follow-up of 5.

Identification and validation of a blood- based diagnostic lipidomic signature of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Improved biomarkers are needed for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Here we identify a diagnostic lipidomic signature for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease by analyzing blood samples from a discovery cohort of incident treatment-naïve pediatric patients and validating findings in an independent inception cohort. The lipidomic signature comprising of only lactosyl ceramide (d18:1/16:0) and phosphatidylcholine (18:0p/22:6) improves the diagnostic prediction compared with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Dual Biologic or Small Molecule Therapy in Refractory Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (DOUBLE-PIBD): A Multicenter Study from the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN.

Background: Current data on dual biologic therapy in children are limited. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dual therapy in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: A retrospective study from 14 centers affiliated with the Pediatric IBD Interest and Porto Groups of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition.

Safety and Potential Efficacy of Escalating Dose of Ustekinumab in Pediatric Crohn Disease (the Speed-up Study): A Multicenter Study from the Pediatric IBD Porto Group of ESPGHAN.

Objectives: Escalation of the ustekinumab (UST) maintenance dosage was effective in adults with Crohn disease (CD), but no data are available for children. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of dose escalation of UST in pediatric CD.

Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study from 25 centers affiliated with the IBD Interest and Porto groups of ESPGHAN.

Targeted Analysis of the Gut Microbiome for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Individualization in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

We explored the fecal microbiota in pediatric patients <18 years of age with treatment-naïve IBD (80 Crohn’s disease (CD), 27 ulcerative colitis (UC)), in 50 non-IBD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms without inflammation and in 75 healthy children. Using a targeted qPCR approach, the quantities of more than 100 different bacterial species were measured. Results: The bacterial abundance was statistically significantly reduced in the IBD and non-IBD patients compared to the healthy children for several beneficial species.

Mucosal Gene Transcript Signatures in Treatment Naïve Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comparative Analysis of Disease to Symptomatic and Healthy Controls in the European IBD-Character Cohort.

Background: Studies of the mucosal transcriptomic landscape have given new insight into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, the predictive biomarker potential of gene expression signatures has been explored. To further investigate the mucosal gene expression in IBD, we recruited a cohort of treatment naïve patients and compared them to both symptomatic and healthy controls.

Association between colic and sleep problems in infancy and subsequent development, emotional and behavioral problems: a longitudinal study.

Background: Sleep and colic problems in infancy have been linked to adverse health outcome, but there is limited knowledge of the association between sleep and colic problems in infancy and subsequent development, emotional and behavior problems in young children. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there is an associations between infants' crying and sleep problems at 6 months and behavioral and development problems at 18 months, 3 and 5 years.

Methods: This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health from June 1999 to December 2008.

Combination of Biological Agents in Moderate to Severe Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background: Treatment with biological agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) has become standard of care in moderate to severe pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, a significant proportion of patients experience loss of response to anti-TNFs, need treatment escalation, or develop side effects. There is no data in the literature regarding combination of biological agents in pediatric IBD.

Fecal microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve pediatric inflammatory bowel disease - associations with disease phenotype, treatment, and outcome.

Purpose: Imbalance in the microbiota, dysbiosis, has been identified in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We explored the fecal microbiota in pediatric patients with treatment-naïve IBD, non-IBD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and healthy children, its relation to IBD subgroups, and treatment outcomes.

Patients And Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 235 children below 18 years of age.

Serological markers in diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and as predictors for early tumor necrosis factor blocker therapy.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of serological markers in newly diagnosed treatment-naïve pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), their utility in differentiating Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and symptomatic non-IBD patients and whether serological markers are associated with early TNF blocker treatment.

Material And Methods: Ninety-six children and adolescents <18 years, 58 with IBD and 38 symptomatic non-IBD controls were included. At diagnosis and after 1-2 years, serological antibodies (anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA), flagellin expressed by Clostridial phylum (anti-CBir1), outer membrane porin of Escherichia coli (anti-OmpC), Pseudomonas fluorescens-associated sequence (anti-I2), CRP, ESR and fecal calprotectin were analyzed.

Symptoms and Mucosal Changes Stable During Rapid Increase of Pediatric Celiac Disease in Norway.

Objectives: We aimed to study whether the incidence of pediatric celiac disease (CD) in South-Eastern Norway changed from 2000 to 2010. We also examined whether there was a change in symptoms and histopathological morphology in the duodenal biopsies during the same period.

Methods: In 3 hospitals in South-Eastern Norway, records from pediatric patients (0-14.

Early anti-TNF treatment in pediatric Crohn's disease. Predictors of clinical outcome in a population-based cohort of newly diagnosed patients.

Objective: Pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) is often debilitating, with upper gastrointestinal (GI) involvement and complications over time. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers can induce and maintain remission. We wanted to evaluate the outcome of patients medically treated for CD to investigate whether clinical, endoscopic and biochemical factors at diagnosis are associated with the early initiation of treatment with the TNF blocker infliximab.

[A three-year-old girl with abdominal pain and fever].

Material And Methods: A patient with both familial Mediterranean fever and coeliac disease is discussed. We present our case and then discuss symptoms and treatment of familial Mediterranean fever.

Case Report: A 3 1/2 year-old girl from the Middle East, parents related, was admitted to the Paediatric Department with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever.

[Autoimmune hepatitis in children].

Background: Autoimmune mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The disorders are rare but important to diagnose, as immunomodulating therapy can prevent liver failure. Cases of "overlap syndrome" between autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis are described.